本文链接:http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/832760 (转载请注明出处)
用途说明
tailf命令几乎等同于tail -f,严格说来应该与tail --follow=name更相似些。当文件改名之后它也能继续跟踪,特别适合于日志文件的跟踪(follow the growth of a log file)。与tail -f不同的是,如果文件不增长,它不会去访问磁盘文件(It is similar to tail -f but does not access the file when it is not growing. This has the side effect of not updating the access time for the file, so a filesystem flush does not occur periodically when no log activity is happening.)。tailf特别适合那些便携机上跟踪日志文件,因为它能省电,因为减少了磁盘访问嘛(tailf is extremely useful for monitoring log files on a laptop when logging is infrequent and the user desires that the hard disk spin down to conserve battery life.)。tailf命令不是个脚本,而是一个用C代码编译后的二进制执行文件,某些Linux安装之后没有这个命令,本文提供了怎么编译安装tailf命令的方法。
常用参数
格式:tailf logfile
动态跟踪日志文件logfile,最初的时候打印文件的最后10行内容。
使用示例
示例一 使用tailf命令跟踪日志
[root@web imx_server]# tailf log/WEB.LOG
"seq": 5710,
"clientId": 1291343201649254,
"presenceStatus": "1"
} }})
16:09:21.324 DEBUG http-80-79 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649002, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 175}
16:09:21.444 DEBUG http-80-32 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:21.506 DEBUG http-80-79 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:23.239 DEBUG http-80-45 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649184, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 55}
16:09:23.327 DEBUG http-80-45 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.288 DEBUG http-80-145 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076175, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 82}
16:09:24.339 DEBUG http-80-81 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076151, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 142}
16:09:24.360 DEBUG http-80-64 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649090, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 40}
16:09:24.359 DEBUG http-80-143 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076176, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 66}
16:09:24.878 DEBUG http-80-145 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.892 DEBUG http-80-143 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.896 DEBUG http-80-64 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.906 DEBUG http-80-81 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - msgType IMX_ACTIVE_TEST msgBody {"clientId":1291343201649002,"presenceStatus":"1","seq":385}
16:09:25.095 INFO http-80-115 imx.client.ImxClient - Tx IMX_ACTIVE_TEST{seq=5711,client_id=1291343201649002,presence_status=1(presence_status_online),}
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649002, "op": "send", "sent": 0, "rc": 1, "msg": { "mt": "IMX_ACTIVE_TEST", "mb": {
"seq": 5711,
"clientId": 1291343201649002,
"presenceStatus": "1"
} }}
Ctrl+C
[root@web imx_server]#
示例二 编译安装tailf命令
有些Linux版本不带tailf命令的。
[root@smsgw root]# tailf
-bash: tailf: command not found
[root@smsgw root]#
到代码搜索网站www.koders.com输入tailf.c就可以搜索到源代码
tailf.c结果页面:http://www.koders.com/default.aspx?s=tailf.c&submit=Search&la=*&li=*
tailf.c源码页面:http://www.koders.com/c/fidB6EFAC156A7B4C4A46B38039C79B4AD34939EED0.aspx?s=tailf#L1
点左上角的download就可下载,也可直接下载本文附件tailf.zip。
[root@smsgw tailf]# unzip tailf.zip
Archive: tailf.zip
inflating: tailf.c
[root@smsgw tailf]# ls
tailf.c tailf.zip
[root@smsgw tailf]# gcc -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c
tailf.c:34:17: nls.h: 没有那个文件或目录
tailf.c: In function `tailf':
tailf.c:53: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
tailf.c: In function `main':
tailf.c:88: `LC_ALL' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:88: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
tailf.c:88: for each function it appears in.)
tailf.c:89: `PACKAGE' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:89: `LOCALEDIR' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:93: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
tailf.c:105: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
[root@smsgw tailf]#
修改一下tailf.c的源代码。
第34行附近:注释掉头文件,增加宏定义
//#include "nls.h"
#define _(s) s
第89行附近:把原来的代码注释掉
//setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
//bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
//textdomain(PACKAGE);
看了源代码之后,你是不是发现其实Linux命令其实并不太神秘。
注:本文附件中的tailf.c已经修改成下面的样子。
- /* tailf.c -- tail a log file and then follow it
- * Created: Tue Jan 9 15:49:21 1996 by faith@acm.org
- * Copyright 1996, 2003 Rickard E. Faith (faith@acm.org)
- *
- * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
- * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
- * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
- * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
- * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
- * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
- *
- * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
- * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
- * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
- * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
- * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
- * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
- * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
- *
- * less -F and tail -f cause a disk access every five seconds. This
- * program avoids this problem by waiting for the file size to change.
- * Hence, the file is not accessed, and the access time does not need to be
- * flushed back to disk. This is sort of a "stealth" tail.
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <malloc.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- //#include "nls.h"
- #define _(s) s
- static size_t filesize(const char *filename)
- {
- struct stat sb;
- if (!stat(filename, &sb)) return sb.st_size;
- return 0;
- }
- static void tailf(const char *filename, int lines)
- {
- char **buffer;
- int head = 0;
- int tail = 0;
- FILE *str;
- int i;
- if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {
- fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);
- perror("");
- exit(1);
- }
- buffer = malloc(lines * sizeof(*buffer));
- for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) buffer[i] = malloc(BUFSIZ + 1);
- while (fgets(buffer[tail], BUFSIZ, str)) {
- if (++tail >= lines) {
- tail = 0;
- head = 1;
- }
- }
- if (head) {
- for (i = tail; i < lines; i++) fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
- for (i = 0; i < tail; i++) fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
- } else {
- for (i = head; i < tail; i++) fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
- }
- fflush(stdout);
- for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) free(buffer[i]);
- free(buffer);
- }
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- char buffer[BUFSIZ];
- size_t osize, nsize;
- FILE *str;
- const char *filename;
- int count;
- //setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
- //bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
- //textdomain(PACKAGE);
- if (argc != 2) {
- fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: tailf logfile\n"));
- exit(1);
- }
- filename = argv[1];
- tailf(filename, 10);
- for (osize = filesize(filename);;) {
- nsize = filesize(filename);
- if (nsize != osize) {
- if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {
- fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);
- perror(argv[0]);
- exit(1);
- }
- if (!fseek(str, osize, SEEK_SET))
- while ((count = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), str)) > 0)
- fwrite(buffer, 1, count, stdout);
- fflush(stdout);
- fclose(str);
- osize = nsize;
- }
- usleep(250000); /* 250mS */
- }
- return 0;
- }
[root@smsgw tailf]# gcc -Wall -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c
[root@smsgw tailf]# tailf
Usage: tailf logfile
[root@smsgw tailf]#
问题思考
相关资料
【1】linuxcommand.org tailf手册页
【2】代码搜索 tailf源代码