『2021语言与智能技术竞赛』- 关系抽取任务基线系统

pycharm运行报错

通过以下的处理，实体识别和关系抽取融合成了一个序列标注问题
针对 DuIE2.0 任务中多条、交叠SPO这一抽取目标，比赛对标准的 ‘BIO’ 标注进行了扩展。 对于每个 token，根据其在实体span中的位置（包括B、I、O三种），我们为其打上三类标签，并且根据其所参与构建的predicate种类，将 B 标签进一步区分。给定 schema 集合，对于 N 种不同 predicate，以及头实体/尾实体两种情况，我们设计对应的共 2N 种 B 标签，再合并 I 和 O 标签，故每个 token 一共有 (2N+2) 个标签，如下图所示。

PaddleNLP实战——LIC2021关系抽取任务基线
信息抽取旨在从非结构化自然语言文本中提取结构化知识，如实体、关系、事件等。对于给定的自然语言句子，根据预先定义的schema集合，抽取出所有满足schema约束的SPO三元组。

例如，「妻子」关系的schema定义为： { S_TYPE: 人物, P: 妻子, O_TYPE: { @value: 人物 } }

该示例展示了如何使用PaddleNLP快速复现LIC2021关系抽取比赛基线并进阶优化基线。

In [ ]
# 安装paddlenlp最新版本
!pip install --upgrade paddlenlp

%cd relation_extraction/
关系抽取基线
针对 DuIE2.0 任务中多条、交叠SPO这一抽取目标，比赛对标准的 'BIO' 标注进行了扩展。 对于每个 token，根据其在实体span中的位置（包括B、I、O三种），我们为其打上三类标签，并且根据其所参与构建的predicate种类，将 B 标签进一步区分。给定 schema 集合，对于 N 种不同 predicate，以及头实体/尾实体两种情况，我们设计对应的共 2N 种 B 标签，再合并 I 和 O 标签，故每个 token 一共有 (2N+2) 个标签，如下图所示。

标注策略
评价方法
对测试集上参评系统输出的SPO结果和人工标注的SPO结果进行精准匹配，采用F1值作为评价指标。注意，对于复杂O值类型的SPO，必须所有槽位都精确匹配才认为该SPO抽取正确。针对部分文本中存在实体别名的问题，使用百度知识图谱的别名词典来辅助评测。F1值的计算方式如下：

F1 = (2 * P * R) / (P + R)，其中

P = 测试集所有句子中预测正确的SPO个数 / 测试集所有句子中预测出的SPO个数
R = 测试集所有句子中预测正确的SPO个数 / 测试集所有句子中人工标注的SPO个数
快速复现基线Step1：构建模型
该任务可以看作一个序列标注任务，所以基线模型采用的是ERNIE序列标注模型。

PaddleNLP提供了ERNIE预训练模型常用序列标注模型，可以通过指定模型名字完成一键加载。PaddleNLP为了方便用户处理数据，内置了对于各个预训练模型对应的Tokenizer，可以完成文本token化，转token ID，文本长度截断等操作。

文本数据处理直接调用tokenizer即可输出模型所需输入数据。

In [ ]
import os
import json
from paddlenlp.transformers import ErnieForTokenClassification, ErnieTokenizer

label_map_path = os.path.join('data', "predicate2id.json")
if not (os.path.exists(label_map_path) and os.path.isfile(label_map_path)):
    sys.exit("{} dose not exists or is not a file.".format(label_map_path))
with open(label_map_path, 'r', encoding='utf8') as fp:
    label_map = json.load(fp)
num_classes = (len(label_map.keys()) - 2) * 2 + 2

model = ErnieForTokenClassification.from_pretrained("ernie-1.0", num_classes=(len(label_map) - 2) * 2 + 2)
tokenizer = ErnieTokenizer.from_pretrained("ernie-1.0")

inputs = tokenizer(text="请输入测试样例", max_seq_len=20)
快速复现基线Step2：加载并处理数据
从比赛官网下载数据集，解压存放于data/目录下并重命名为train_data.json, dev_data.json, test_data.json.

我们可以加载自定义数据集。通过继承paddle.io.Dataset，自定义实现__getitem__ 和 __len__两个方法。

In [ ]
from typing import Optional, List, Union, Dict

import numpy as np
import paddle
from tqdm import tqdm
from paddlenlp.utils.log import logger

from data_loader import parse_label, DataCollator, convert_example_to_feature
from extract_chinese_and_punct import ChineseAndPunctuationExtractor


class DuIEDataset(paddle.io.Dataset):
    """
    Dataset of DuIE.
    """

    def __init__(
            self,
            input_ids: List[Union[List[int], np.ndarray]],
            seq_lens: List[Union[List[int], np.ndarray]],
            tok_to_orig_start_index: List[Union[List[int], np.ndarray]],
            tok_to_orig_end_index: List[Union[List[int], np.ndarray]],
            labels: List[Union[List[int], np.ndarray, List[str], List[Dict]]]):
        super(DuIEDataset, self).__init__()

        self.input_ids = input_ids
        self.seq_lens = seq_lens
        self.tok_to_orig_start_index = tok_to_orig_start_index
        self.tok_to_orig_end_index = tok_to_orig_end_index
        self.labels = labels

    def __len__(self):
        if isinstance(self.input_ids, np.ndarray):
            return self.input_ids.shape[0]
        else:
            return len(self.input_ids)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return {
            "input_ids": np.array(self.input_ids[item]),
            "seq_lens": np.array(self.seq_lens[item]),
            "tok_to_orig_start_index":
            np.array(self.tok_to_orig_start_index[item]),
            "tok_to_orig_end_index": np.array(self.tok_to_orig_end_index[item]),
            # If model inputs is generated in `collate_fn`, delete the data type casting.
            "labels": np.array(
                self.labels[item], dtype=np.float32),
        }

    @classmethod
    def from_file(cls,
                  file_path: Union[str, os.PathLike],
                  tokenizer: ErnieTokenizer,
                  max_length: Optional[int]=512,
                  pad_to_max_length: Optional[bool]=None):
        assert os.path.exists(file_path) and os.path.isfile(
            file_path), f"{file_path} dose not exists or is not a file."
        label_map_path = os.path.join(
            os.path.dirname(file_path), "predicate2id.json")
        assert os.path.exists(label_map_path) and os.path.isfile(
            label_map_path
        ), f"{label_map_path} dose not exists or is not a file."
        with open(label_map_path, 'r', encoding='utf8') as fp:
            label_map = json.load(fp)
        chineseandpunctuationextractor = ChineseAndPunctuationExtractor()

        input_ids, seq_lens, tok_to_orig_start_index, tok_to_orig_end_index, labels = (
            [] for _ in range(5))
        dataset_scale = sum(1 for line in open(file_path, 'r'))
        logger.info("Preprocessing data, loaded from %s" % file_path)
        with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
            lines = fp.readlines()
            for line in tqdm(lines):
                example = json.loads(line)
                input_feature = convert_example_to_feature(
                    example, tokenizer, chineseandpunctuationextractor,
                    label_map, max_length, pad_to_max_length)
                input_ids.append(input_feature.input_ids)
                seq_lens.append(input_feature.seq_len)
                tok_to_orig_start_index.append(
                    input_feature.tok_to_orig_start_index)
                tok_to_orig_end_index.append(
                    input_feature.tok_to_orig_end_index)
                labels.append(input_feature.labels)

        return cls(input_ids, seq_lens, tok_to_orig_start_index,
                   tok_to_orig_end_index, labels)
In [ ]
data_path = 'data'
batch_size = 32
max_seq_length = 128

train_file_path = os.path.join(data_path, 'train_data.json')
train_dataset = DuIEDataset.from_file(
    train_file_path, tokenizer, max_seq_length, True)
train_batch_sampler = paddle.io.BatchSampler(
    train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, drop_last=True)
collator = DataCollator()
train_data_loader = paddle.io.DataLoader(
    dataset=train_dataset,
    batch_sampler=train_batch_sampler,
    collate_fn=collator)

eval_file_path = os.path.join(data_path, 'dev_data.json')
test_dataset = DuIEDataset.from_file(
    eval_file_path, tokenizer, max_seq_length, True)
test_batch_sampler = paddle.io.BatchSampler(
    test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, drop_last=True)
test_data_loader = paddle.io.DataLoader(
    dataset=test_dataset,
    batch_sampler=test_batch_sampler,
    collate_fn=collator)
快速复现基线Step3：定义损失函数和优化器，开始训练
在该基线上，我们选择均方误差作为损失函数，使用paddle.optimizer.AdamW作为优化器。

在训练过程中，模型保存在当前目录checkpoints文件夹下。同时在训练的同时使用官方评测脚本进行评估，输出P/R/F1指标。 在验证集上F1可以达到69.42。

In [ ]
import paddle.nn as nn

class BCELossForDuIE(nn.Layer):
    def __init__(self, ):
        super(BCELossForDuIE, self).__init__()
        self.criterion = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(reduction='none')

    def forward(self, logits, labels, mask):
        loss = self.criterion(logits, labels)
        mask = paddle.cast(mask, 'float32')
        loss = loss * mask.unsqueeze(-1)
        loss = paddle.sum(loss.mean(axis=2), axis=1) / paddle.sum(mask, axis=1)
        loss = loss.mean()
        return loss
In [ ]
from utils import write_prediction_results, get_precision_recall_f1, decoding

@paddle.no_grad()
def evaluate(model, criterion, data_loader, file_path, mode):
    """
    mode eval:
    eval on development set and compute P/R/F1, called between training.
    mode predict:
    eval on development / test set, then write predictions to \
        predict_test.json and predict_test.json.zip \
        under /home/aistudio/relation_extraction/data dir for later submission or evaluation.
    """
    example_all = []
    with open(file_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
        for line in fp:
            example_all.append(json.loads(line))
    id2spo_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(file_path), "id2spo.json")
    with open(id2spo_path, 'r', encoding='utf8') as fp:
        id2spo = json.load(fp)

    model.eval()
    loss_all = 0
    eval_steps = 0
    formatted_outputs = []
    current_idx = 0
    for batch in tqdm(data_loader, total=len(data_loader)):
        eval_steps += 1
        input_ids, seq_len, tok_to_orig_start_index, tok_to_orig_end_index, labels = batch
        logits = model(input_ids=input_ids)
        mask = (input_ids != 0).logical_and((input_ids != 1)).logical_and((input_ids != 2))
        loss = criterion(logits, labels, mask)
        loss_all += loss.numpy().item()
        probs = F.sigmoid(logits)
        logits_batch = probs.numpy()
        seq_len_batch = seq_len.numpy()
        tok_to_orig_start_index_batch = tok_to_orig_start_index.numpy()
        tok_to_orig_end_index_batch = tok_to_orig_end_index.numpy()
        formatted_outputs.extend(decoding(example_all[current_idx: current_idx+len(logits)],
                                          id2spo,
                                          logits_batch,
                                          seq_len_batch,
                                          tok_to_orig_start_index_batch,
                                          tok_to_orig_end_index_batch))
        current_idx = current_idx+len(logits)
    loss_avg = loss_all / eval_steps
    print("eval loss: %f" % (loss_avg))

    if mode == "predict":
        predict_file_path = os.path.join("/home/aistudio/relation_extraction/data", 'predictions.json')
    else:
        predict_file_path = os.path.join("/home/aistudio/relation_extraction/data", 'predict_eval.json')

    predict_zipfile_path = write_prediction_results(formatted_outputs,
                                                    predict_file_path)

    if mode == "eval":
        precision, recall, f1 = get_precision_recall_f1(file_path,
                                                        predict_zipfile_path)
        os.system('rm {} {}'.format(predict_file_path, predict_zipfile_path))
        return precision, recall, f1
    elif mode != "predict":
        raise Exception("wrong mode for eval func")
In [ ]
from paddlenlp.transformers import LinearDecayWithWarmup

learning_rate = 2e-5
num_train_epochs = 5
warmup_ratio = 0.06

criterion = BCELossForDuIE()
# Defines learning rate strategy.
steps_by_epoch = len(train_data_loader)
num_training_steps = steps_by_epoch * num_train_epochs
lr_scheduler = LinearDecayWithWarmup(learning_rate, num_training_steps, warmup_ratio)
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.AdamW(
    learning_rate=lr_scheduler,
    parameters=model.parameters(),
    apply_decay_param_fun=lambda x: x in [
        p.name for n, p in model.named_parameters()
        if not any(nd in n for nd in ["bias", "norm"])])
In [ ]
# 模型参数保存路径
!mkdir checkpoints
快速复现基线Step4：提交预测结果
将训练保存的模型加载后进行预测。

NOTE: 注意设置用于预测的模型参数路径。

In [ ]
import time
import paddle.nn.functional as F

# Starts training.
global_step = 0
logging_steps = 50
save_steps = 10000
num_train_epochs = 2
output_dir = 'checkpoints'
tic_train = time.time()
model.train()
for epoch in range(num_train_epochs):
    print("\n=====start training of %d epochs=====" % epoch)
    tic_epoch = time.time()
    for step, batch in enumerate(train_data_loader):
        input_ids, seq_lens, tok_to_orig_start_index, tok_to_orig_end_index, labels = batch
        logits = model(input_ids=input_ids)
        mask = (input_ids != 0).logical_and((input_ids != 1)).logical_and(
            (input_ids != 2))
        loss = criterion(logits, labels, mask)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        lr_scheduler.step()
        optimizer.clear_gradients()
        loss_item = loss.numpy().item()

        if global_step % logging_steps == 0:
            print(
                "epoch: %d / %d, steps: %d / %d, loss: %f, speed: %.2f step/s"
                % (epoch, num_train_epochs, step, steps_by_epoch,
                    loss_item, logging_steps / (time.time() - tic_train)))
            tic_train = time.time()

        if global_step % save_steps == 0 and global_step != 0:
            print("\n=====start evaluating ckpt of %d steps=====" %
                    global_step)
            precision, recall, f1 = evaluate(
                model, criterion, test_data_loader, eval_file_path, "eval")
            print("precision: %.2f\t recall: %.2f\t f1: %.2f\t" %
                    (100 * precision, 100 * recall, 100 * f1))
            print("saving checkpoing model_%d.pdparams to %s " %
                    (global_step, output_dir))
            paddle.save(model.state_dict(),
                        os.path.join(output_dir, 
                                        "model_%d.pdparams" % global_step))
            model.train()

        global_step += 1
    tic_epoch = time.time() - tic_epoch
    print("epoch time footprint: %d hour %d min %d sec" %
            (tic_epoch // 3600, (tic_epoch % 3600) // 60, tic_epoch % 60))

# Does final evaluation.
print("\n=====start evaluating last ckpt of %d steps=====" %
        global_step)
precision, recall, f1 = evaluate(model, criterion, test_data_loader,
                                    eval_file_path, "eval")
print("precision: %.2f\t recall: %.2f\t f1: %.2f\t" %
        (100 * precision, 100 * recall, 100 * f1))
paddle.save(model.state_dict(),
            os.path.join(output_dir,
                            "model_%d.pdparams" % global_step))
print("\n=====training complete=====")
In [ ]
!bash predict.sh
预测结果会被保存在data/predictions.json，data/predictions.json.zip，其格式与原数据集文件一致。

之后可以使用官方评估脚本评估训练模型在dev_data.json上的效果。如：

python re_official_evaluation.py --golden_file=dev_data.json  --predict_file=predicitons.json.zip [--alias_file alias_dict]
输出指标为Precision, Recall 和 F1，Alias file包含了合法的实体别名，最终评测的时候会使用，这里不予提供。

之后在test_data.json上预测，然后预测结果（.zip文件）至评测网站。

Tricks
尝试更多的预训练模型
基线采用的预训练模型为ERNIE，PaddleNLP提供了丰富的预训练模型，如BERT，RoBERTa，Electra，XLNet等 参考PaddleNLP预训练模型介绍

如可以选择RoBERTa large中文模型优化模型效果，只需更换模型和tokenizer即可无缝衔接。

In [ ]
from paddlenlp.transformers import RobertaForTokenClassification, RobertaTokenizer

model = RobertaForTokenClassification.from_pretrained(
    "roberta-wwm-ext-large",
    num_classes=(len(label_map) - 2) * 2 + 2)
tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained("roberta-wwm-ext-large")
模型集成
使用多个模型进行训练预测，将各个模型预测结果进行融合。