专升本英语语法学习

背景知识:

  • 主动语态:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
  • 被动语态:被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
  • 虚拟语气:是一种表达方式,用于英语语法中,用以表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、假设或与事实相反的情况
  • 祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略.祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束.
  • 同位语从句:是一种在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴。它的主要作用是对前面的抽象名词进行解释和说明。同位语从句与被修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,即被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系,可以理解为被解释说明的词等于同位语。
  • 定语从句:是对某个人或事物进行描述,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,具有形容词的性质(也叫形容词从句)。同时,它在句子中充当定语的成分,所以被称为定语从句
  • 表语从句:是英语语法中的一种从句,它通常出现在系动词(如be动词)之后,用来描述主语或宾语的性质、状态或身份等信息。

法则一:一山不容二虎原则(主伴doing,被伴ed)

详解:

【一句话中不能同时出现两个动词,除非这两个动词分别出现在从句和主句中,或者用and/but

/or/when连接,也就是非谓语动词形式】

例题:

1.He got up,and then went out. 他起来,然后出去了。(and连接)

2.When he got up,he turned on the radio.他起床后,打开了收音机。(When连接词)

逗号隔开的两个半句:

1>.不能同时出现两个动词,必须使用连接词连接一下;

2>.不能同是没有连接词,也不能同是都有连接词;

3>.两个动词的时态要一致;

3.Listening to music,he brushed his teeth. 听着音乐,他刷牙。(Listening 现在分词做主动伴随)he -> listen;如果he可以主动listen,用ing;

4.Followed by his father,he went out. 在他父亲的跟随下,他出门了。(Followed 非谓语动词做被动伴随) (by出现就是被动语态)

he -> follow; he不能主动跟随自己,用ed;

5.Walking in the rain,he felt cold. 在雨中行走时,他感到很冷。同3 (in 是介词,中的意思)

6.Tied back,his hands couldn't be see. 被绑在背后,看不见他的手。同4 (be see 被看见 被动语态)

法则二:使役动词

详解:

【let、have、make、get等使役动词,之后如果出现动词,要用原型(get除外),但如果是被动语态,则要加to。】被动语态很神奇,永远和to在一起

1>.have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事(一次性)。(get sb. to do sth.)

2>.have sth./sb. doing. 让某事处于持续不停的状态之中。 五星

3>.have sth. done. 使得某物被做。(过去分词表示被动) 五星

例题:

1.I make him water the tree. 我让他给树浇水。规则一

2.He is made to water the tree. 他被要求给树浇水。(is出现即是被动)被动语态,则要加to

3.The teacher had Mary clean the classroom two days ago. 两天前老师让玛丽打扫教室。规则一

4.He had us running for one hour. 他让我们跑了一个小时。 规则二

5.We had the machine mended just now.  刚才机器被我们修好了。规则三

6.I got him to do his homework bofore dinner. 晚饭前我让他做作业。规则一

7.They let me enter the house. 他们让我进屋。规则一

法则三:感官动词的不定式

详解:

【see、watch、notice 注意、hear、listen to(sth.)、observe 观察、feel等表达感官动词的不定式均不带to;表示被动需加to

see/watch/observer/notice/look at/hear/listen to/smell/taste/feel

+do 表示动作的完整性,真实性(全过程)

+doing 表示动作的连续性(正在进行)

例题:

1.I heard someone knocking at the door when i fell sleep. 我入睡时有人正在敲门。

2.I heard someone knock at the door three times. 我听见有人敲了三次门。

3.I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. 我经常看到我同学在课后玩排球。

4.We saw him go into the restaurant. 我们看到他走进餐厅。

-> He was seen to go into the restaurant. (被动)

5.I hear the boy cry every day. 我每天都听到这个男孩哭。

-> The boy is heard to cry every day. (被动)

法则四:感官动词其他考点(必考)

详解:

【look、sound、smell、taste、feel等词可当系动词,这类词之后要跟形容词,不能跟副词】

例题:

1.He looks angry. 他看起来很生气。 angry 形容词,不能使用 angrily 副词

2.It sounds good. 听起来不错。good 形容词, 不能使用well 副词

3.The flowers smell beautiful. 这些花闻起来很美妙。beautiful 形容词, beautifully 副词

4.The sweets taste sweet. 这些糖果尝起来很甜。sweet 形容词,sweetly 副词

5.The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来柔软。

6.I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 我昨天看到他在花园里干活。法则三复习

7.I saw hime working in the garden yesterday. 我昨天看到他在花园里干活。法则三复习

法则五:不定式做结果状语的固定搭配

详解:

1>.too + adj./adv. + to do (太...而不能...)

2>.so + adj./adv. + as (not) to do / that 从句 (如此...以至于能(不能)...)(如此...以至于...)

3>.such + n. + as to do / 从句 (那么...以至于...)

4>.adj./adv. + enough to do (足够...去做...)

例题:

1.He is too young to go to school. 他太小了,不能上学。

2.She is so quiet as to stay at home all day. 她安静得整天呆在家里。

3.Just now they were so happy that they jumped. 刚才他们高兴得跳了起来。that 从句要有过去时态

=> Just now they were so happy as to jump.  (so XX as to 动词原型)

4.We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人,以至于能够相信他。fools 名词,蠢人

5.He is brave enough to save the girl. 他足够勇敢救了那个女孩。

法则六:“使...怎么样”之类的动词

详解:

【下列词的ing形式表示主动,过去分词表示被动,一般情况下“人”用ed,“物”用ing。】

ed形式翻译成 使某人怎么样,ing翻译成 令某人怎么样  红色常考

amuse(愉快),astonish(震惊),excite(激动),frighten(恐吓),interest(感兴趣),move(感动),relax(放松),satisfy(高兴),shock(震惊),surprise(吃惊),encourage(鼓舞),disappoint(失望),puzzle(迷惑),tire(劳累),please(满意),inspire(鼓舞),terrify(害怕),worry(担忧)

例题:

1.His stumbling attempts at Russian amused her. 他结结巴巴地学说俄语,把她逗乐了。

2.The show is very amusing and the cast are very good. 表演妙趣横生,演员们也很棒。

3.Douzi seemed pleased at the suggestion. 窦子好像对这个建议很满意。 seemed pleased at sth

4.It's pleasing to listen to. 它听着令人愉快。

法则七:介词相关的非谓语动词(有do不to,无do带to)

详解:

【介词but,except(除...之外)的,前面有行为动词do时,不定式不带to,否则带to】

but之前有do,之后直接加动词原形;

例题:

1.I have nothing to do but lie down and sleep; 我无所事事,只好躺下睡觉;

2.He had nothing to do but boil the kettle and make the tea. 他除了烧水和泡茶外,无所事事。

3.I had no option but to pretend ignorance. 我别无选择,只能假装无知。

4.I have no choice but to wait for her. 我别无选择,只能等她。

法则八:why not do sth(为何不做某事)

详解:

【固定搭配:“越...越好;无论...也/都不过分” cannot(不可以)/hardly(不可以)/never(决不)/scarcely(几乎不)/too....to do...(再怎么也不为过)】

例题:

1.You cannot be too carful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。cannot be too ... to do 短语

2.Can't (help/choose) but do. 不得不做。can't help but do 短语

3.Can't help doing. 情不自禁做某事。   can't help doing 短语

4.I can't help but tell her the truth. 我只能告诉她真像。 can't help but do 短语

法则九:以下单词后需要+ing

详解:

【以下单词后动词需要+ing,mind(介意),miss(逃过),mention(提及),prevent(阻拦),postpone(延迟),practice(联系),risk(冒险),resist(抵制),consider(考虑),admit(承认),avoid(避免),appreciate(感激),fancy(幻想),finish(完成),feel like(喜欢),enjoy(享受),escape(逃脱),delay(延迟),deny(否认),detest(痛恨),imagine(想象),suggest(建议),keep(保持)】

扩展:

feel like doing、would like to do;  without delay (毫不迟疑的);

suggest doing、suggest...that  do;

例题:

1.I don't mind doing my homework. 我不介意做作业。

2.He didn't mention having taken sleeping pills regularly. 他没有提到经常服用安眠药。having taken 现在完成时

3.Do you enjoy reading? 你喜欢读书吗?

4.We should avoid talking with strangers. 我们应该避免与陌生人交谈。

法则十: 以下单词后 + to

详解:

dare(敢于)、demand(要求)、determine(决定、决心)、decide(决心)、plan(计划)、pretend(假装)、promise(允诺)、prepare(准备)、want(想要)、warn(警告)、wish(希望)、wait(等待)、hope(期望)、help(帮忙)、hesitate(犹豫)、care(愿意)、choose(选择)、claim(声称)、agree(同意)、afford(担负得起)、learn(学会)、long(渴望)、beg(乞求)、bear(忍受)、refuse(拒绝)、manage(设法)、offer(提出)、undertake(答应、同意)、expect(希望)】

扩展:plan 过去式  planned; pretend to be doing (假装做某事);make a promise (做承诺,名词);warn sb. not to do sth.(警告某人不要做某事) ; hope to do sth.(希望做某事);help to do 和 help do 都对;choose的过去式 chose 名词也是chose; long to do sth.(渴望做某事)manage to do sth.(设法成功做某事)

例题:

1.I dare to jump down from the top of the wall. 我敢从墙头跳下去。well 井

2.He demanded to be sent to Tibet. 他要求被派往西藏。

3.She determined to go that very afternoon. 她决定当天下午就走。两星

4.He decided to give a one-man show. 他决定表演一段独角戏。

5.What do you plan to do when school breaks up? 当学校放假时,你打算做什么?

6.He made a promise to his great grandfather. 他曾向他的曾祖父许下承诺。

7.I cannot but agree to your decision. 我不得不同意你的决定。 cannot but...to 不得不

法则十一:to do 和 ing含义的区别(未做、目的的to do 做过的ing)

详解:

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(做过)

forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)

forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)

mean to do sth. 打算做某事(未做)

mean doing sth. 意味着、就是   一星

go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事

go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事

try to do sth. 努力做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

stop to do sth.停下来开始做某事(目的) 两星

stop doing sth.停止做某事

regret to do sth. 对要发生的事表示遗憾

regret doing sth. 对发生过的事表示后悔

例题:

1.Remember to do this for all execution groups. 记住对所有执行组执行此操作。all 表示三者以上的

2.He didn't even remember doing it. 他甚至不记得做过那件事。even 甚至 加强语气

3.I forgot to close the windows this moring. 今天早上,我忘记关窗户了。

4.I forgot paying for this book. 我忘了付过这本书的钱。

5.I meant to give you this book today,but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书,但是我忘了。meant 是 mean的过去式

6.Missing this train means wating for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一个小时。阅读理解一定考察 两星

7.He went on to talk about the world situation.他接着又谈了谈视界形式went 是 go的过去式

8.Although it was late,she went on woring.虽然很晚了,她还是继续工作。Although 连词

9.They try to buy you over. 他们努力的想收买你。

10.Why not try turning on the air conditioner? 为什么不尝试打开空调呢? Why not do 法则八;

turn on 打开开关;air conditioner 空调;

11.The two grils stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 那两个女孩看见我时停下来和我说话。 when之后是时间状语从句,stop 的过去式 stopped

12.The two grils stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩看见我就不说话了。

13.I regret to tell you that you can't pass the examination.我遗憾地告诉你,你不能通过考试。that 从句,直接断开翻译

14.I regret disturbing you so long. 很抱歉打扰你这么久。

法则十二:+to do

详解:

【最高级(大部分est结尾、most、best等),序数词(first、second),only,very,just,enough等词之后一般要加 to do】

例题:

1.He is the first one to come to school.他是第一个来学校的。序数词前要加the

2.Sleeping is something only to do when I have a break.  当我有点空闲的时候,唯一可做的事情就是睡觉。 something 不定代词 永远对is,形容词only要后置;

3.He is brave enough to save the girl. 他足够勇敢的救了那个女孩。enough 要放在名词前,形容词副词之后  brave勇敢的 形容词

4.The easiest way to look at this is just to do an example. 最简单的方法就是做一个例子。最高级之前要加the

法则十三:疑问代词

详解:【疑问代词:“when,where,what,how,whether” 这些疑问词之后有动词,动词前要加to】

例题:

1.I want to know where to go. 我想知道去哪里。

2.Can you tell me when to start tomorrow? 你能告诉我明天什么时候出发吗?

3.Can you tell me how to learn English well? 你能告诉我怎样学好英语吗?well 副词 好地;  good  形容词 好的

4.Have you decided whether to accept the offer yet? 你决定是否接受这个报价了吗?  Have + 动词ed 翻译成“已经”  是完成时的一般疑问句;accept 接受;offer 名词是录用通知、报价  动词 主动给予;yet 已经 用在疑问、否定句中;肯定句中的已经 要用already;

法则十四:what 与 how 的考点搭配

第一组:如何处理 如何处置:

how与deal with相搭配 

what与do with相搭配

第二组:认为什么怎么样:

what...think of...相搭配

how...like...相搭配

例题:

1.I don't know how they deal with the problem.

=I don't know what they do with the problem. 我不知道他们是如何处理这个问题的。

2.What do you think of the movie?

=How do you like the movie? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?

3.What do you think of? 你有什么看法?

4.How do you like? 你觉得怎么样?

法则十五:形修名,副修动,两动之间要有to

详解:【一般情况下,两个动词之间要“to”,例外:look forward to(盼望着某事),key to(做什么事情的秘诀), be/get used to(习惯于做某事), play attention to(花费注意力做某事),make contribution to(贡献力量),admit to(承认做过某事),其中to作介词,这些词组之后要用 doing】

例题:

1.I like eating hamburgers. 我喜欢吃汉堡包。(强调事件,表示习惯做某事)

2.I like to eat hamburgers. 我喜欢吃汉堡包。(强调动作,偶然做某事,表示今天喜欢吃)

3.He was looking forward to working with the new Prime Minister. 他期待着与新首相合作。

4.Transport has always been the key to developing trade. 运输一直是发展贸易的关键。

5.I am used to playing basketball.我习惯于打篮球。

6.They paid attention to watching the scene. 他们专心观看现场。  paid 是 pay的过去式

7.She admitted to having been there. 她承认去过那里。  having been there 去过那里

法则十六:关于花费

详解:【spend之后出现动词,要加ing;take和cost之后出现的动词要加to do。pay之后要加 for】

例题:

1.She didn't spend all her time(in) doing the work.她没有把所有的时间都花在做这项工作上。

2.It took me one hour to get there yesterday. 昨天我花了一个小时才到达那里。  took 主语要用物,不能是人;

3.It cost me thirty dollars to fix the computer. 修电脑花了我三十美元。fix = repair = mend  修理

法则十七:动词原型位于句首

详解:【要用ing形式做主语,且之后的谓语动词用单数。逗号隔开也是句首,and后也是句首,祈使句除外】

例题:

1.Learning a foreign language is very useful to everyone. 学习一门外语对每个人都很有用。

2.Walking after supper is good for your health. 晚饭后散步对你的健康有益。 is good for 有利于

3.Walking in the street, a stone fell down. 走在街上,一块石头掉了下来。 独立主格结构,逗号之后主谓宾,并且不是一个主语发生的动作,不能使用 法则一主伴doing,被伴ed,需要随便加一个主语构成独立主格结构;

4.He ran out of the room,singing and dancing.  He可以唱跳,所以主伴doing;

5.Go this way,please.(祈使句不加ing)

法则十八:It is相关(虚拟考点)

详解:

1>.It is (high/about) time that ... + 过去式/should + 动原    早该干嘛了;

2>.It is necessary(必要的)/important(重要的)/essential(核心的) that + (should) + 动原 

例题:

1.It is time that you got up. 你该起床了。

2.It is high time that we should tell him the truth. 现在是我们应该告诉他真相的时候了。

3.It is important that you (should) keep your promise. 重要的是你要信守诺言。 keep your promise 信守诺言

法则十九:I wish(虚拟考点)

详解:

1>.主语 + wish(that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 (be用were)     wish是一般实现不了,时态退一级;hope基本能实现

表示与现在事实相反的愿望->现在用过去式。

2>.主语 + wish(that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have/had + 过去分词。

对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时 -> 过去用完成

3>.主语 + wish + 从句主语 + would(could,might) + 动词原型。

对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望->将来用现在

例题:

1.I wish I were then years younger now. 我希望我现在年轻十岁。

2.I wish I wasn't leaving my son. 我希望我没有离开我的儿子。

3.I wish I had seen him yesterday. 我真希望昨天见到他。

4.He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望自己没有那样说。

5.I wish you had come to my birthday party. 我希望你能来参加我的生日聚会。

6.I wish she would try again. 我希望她再试一次。

7.I wish that I could have gone with you last night. 我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

法则二十:I would rather(that) 相关(虚拟考点)

详解:

1>.I would rather you 过去式 me now.                      would rather 宁愿

2>.I would rather you 过去式 tomorrow. ->现在将来用过去

3>.I would rather I 过去的过去 yesterday. ->过去用过去完成时

例题:

1.I would rather you paid me now. 我宁愿你现在付钱给我。

2.I would rather that you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

3.I would rather that you had passed the exam last time. 我宁愿你上次考试及格。

4.I would rather that I had not seen you yesterday. 我宁愿昨天没见到你。

法则二十一:其他虚拟考点(虚拟考点)

详解:

主语 + 意志动词(建议、要求、命令、规定)

1>.(propose/urge/suggest/require/demand/insist) + (that) + 主语 + (should) + 动词原型

2>.It is suggested that.../The suggestion is that... (should) + 动词原型  被动语态仍然用动原

例题:

1.She suggested/advised/proposed that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. Saturday. 她建议班会不在星期六举行。

2.We suggested/advised/proposed that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher. 我们建议他去向老师道歉。make an apology to sb.向某人作出道歉

3.It was suggested that we (should) give a performance at the party. 有人建议我们在晚会上表演。give a performance表演演出表演节目进行演出

4.His suggestion was that the debts (should) be paid off first. 他的建议是先还清债务。

5.The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考虑的建议是学生们应该学习一些实用的东西。

that is worth considering  名后有句是 定语从句 that做主语不能省

is that the students should learn something practical 比动词后边的句子是 表语从句,that做连接词不能省

法则二十二:as if/as though的相关考点(虚拟考点)

详解:

【as if / as though  似乎好像 动词时态:现在用过去,过去用过去的过去; 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were、had、should时,可以省略if,把were、had、should放到从句主语前,形成倒装】

补充:even if /even though 尽管

例题:

1.He acts as if he knew me. 他表现得好像认识我。

2.He was singing as though/if he hadn't had a care in the world. 他在唱歌,好像他根本不在乎似的。

3.Were she my daughter,...  (= if she were my daughter...) 如果她是我的女儿...   倒装

4.If I were to do that.  (= Were I to do that.) what would you say? 如果我做了那件事,你会说什么?

5.Should you change you mind,...(=if you should change...) 要是你改变主意...

6.Should enemy soldiers spot you, open fire immediately. 如果敌方士兵发现你,立即开火。

=(If enemy soldiers should spot you,...)

法则二十三:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(虚拟考点)

条件从句If从句的动词主句的动词形式
现在过去式(were)would/could/should/might + 动词原型
过去had donewould/could/should/might + have done
将来

过去式

should + 动原

were to do

would/could/should/might + 动词原型

注:if所在的句子是从句,与之相反的句子是主句

例题:

1.If she were here, she would attend the meeting too. 如果她在这里,她也会参加会议。

=> Were she here, ... 倒装

2.If we had found him earlier,we could have saved his life. 如果我们早点发现他,我们本可以救他的命。

=>Had we found him earlier,... 倒装

3.If it should rain tomorrow,we should have to stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就得呆在家里。

=>Should it rain tomorrow,...

法则二十四:表语从句(从句考点)

详解:是英语语法中的一种从句,它通常出现在系动词(如be动词)之后,用来描述主语或宾语的性质、状态或身份等信息。

【应使用The reason ... is that ... 或 This/ It /that / is because ... 等句型.不要使用 The reason ... is because that ... 句型】

例题:

1.The reason is that we have not yet described the states completely. 这是因为我们迄今为止对形式还没有完全描述过。 is that be动词后that从句是 表语从句  yet 迄今为止

2.I'm all wet under the rain,This is because (that) I forgot to bring an unmbralla. 我被雨淋湿了,这是因为我忘了带一把雨伞。an 冠词,单选第一题考

法则二十五:同位语从句(从句考点)

详解:同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。一般名词之后,that不能省略

fact(idea,news,belief,thought,doubt,order,suggestion,proof,message,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,information,word) that...

事实(观念、新闻、信仰、思想、怀疑、秩序、建议、证据、信息、结论、欲望、理论、真理、信息、词语)

例题:

1.The fact that she has gone is known to all. 她走了这件事,所有人都知道了。is known to 被谁熟知

2.He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们做火车去。法则二十一 使用动原

3.This is not necessarily proof that he is wrong. 这不一定能证明他错了。necessarily 副词 必要地 必然地 不可避免地

4.These clever students lap up all the information that I can give them. 这些聪明的学生吸收了我能给他们的所有信息。 lap up 欣然接受照单全收轻信舔饮    that从句缺主语或宾语 则是定语从句;that在从句中做宾语,可以删除,做主语时不能删除;

5.Neither of you believes one word that you are saying. 你们两个都不相信自己说的一个字。that从句缺主语或宾语 则是定语从句;同位语从句中,主谓宾是不缺的;

法则二十六:定语从句that和which的使用(从句考点)

扩展:定语从句是对某个人或事物进行描述,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,具有形容词的性质(也叫形容词从句)。同时,它在句子中充当定语的成分,所以被称为定语从句。这种从句的造句习惯和中文差异很大。

定语从句的构成:先行词+引导词(关系词)+定语从句。(由于句子中有关系词,定语从句也叫关系从句。)

关系词的使用有特殊规定:如who只能修饰人,which只能修饰物,that可以修饰人或物等。且有一些特殊情况只能用that或只能用which/who,需特殊记忆。

详解:【that和which在指物的情况下一般都是可以互换的】

例题:

1.The train that/which has just left is for ShangHai. 刚刚开出的火车是开往上海的。两刀分三段,前后是主干: The train | that  has just left | is for ShangHai

2.The book (that/which) you gave me is wonderful. 你给我的那本书太棒了。that which做宾语可以省

法则二十七:定语从句用that,不用which(从句考点)

详解:【以下情况,一般用that而不用which,

1>.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词

2>.先行词被 all,every, no,some,any,little,much修饰时

3>.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时

4>.先行词被the only,the very,the same修饰时

5>.当先行词既有人又有物的时候】

例题:

1.All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练

2.She would never do anyting that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事情她绝不会做。that在后边,一刀两断左右看  was approved of 批准

3.Have you everything that you need? 你有你需要的一切吗?

4.This is the best dictionary that I've ever userd. 这是我用过的最好的词典。定语从句前边有最高级修饰时,后半部分要用完成时。

5.The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事就是制定一个计划

6.Those are the very words that he used. 这些正是他使用的词语。

7.They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了给他们留下最深刻印象的人和事。

法则二十九:主语从句(从句考点)

详解:【that和what,缺少主语或宾语用what,否则用that】

主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。主语从句不缺主谓宾,添加That且不能删除。缺成分补what,翻译成  ...的东西;

动介词之后有空格,空格之后有句子,句子不完整,则空格里必填what

例题:

1.That she is still alive is a consolation.  她还活着是一种安慰

2.What I want to know is this. 我想知道的东西是这个。

3.I was ashamed of what I did.  我为自己的所作所为感到羞愧。 ashamed of 为...感到羞愧

4.I believe what you said. 我相信你所说的。

法则三十:状语从句标志词(从句考点)

详解:the moment/the minute/the instant  一...就...

让步n./adj. + as/though + 主 + 谓(固定公式)五星 让步状语从句

例题:

1.The moment I heard the news,I hastened to the spot. 我听到这个消息,急忙赶到现场。

2.I recognized him,the instant I saw him. 我看到他认出了他。

3.The minute you think of giving up, think of the reason why you held on for so long. 当你想放弃的那一刻,想想你坚持了这么久的原因。

4.Young as he was, he faced the difficult situation calmly. 尽管他很年轻,但他冷静地面对困难的处境。as翻译成尽管

5.Young though he is, he has worked for a few years. 他虽然年轻,但已经工作了几年。

法则三十一:时态考点

详解:you'd better + do sth.  

          you'd better not do sth.

例题:

1.Now that you are here,you'd better stay here. 既然你已经来了,最好还是住下。

2.you'd better stay at home.

3.you'd better not do something.  改错题,something 修改为anything,not do + anything

4.you'd better not be in bother. 你最好别惹麻烦

法则三十二、三十三:完成时的标志词(时态考点)

详解:for + 时间表示 持续,since + 时间表示 从...开始,so far 到目前为止,recently 最近,already 肯定句的已经,yet  否定句已经   一般与完成时连用】

词组:

Since + 过去点的时间; Since 1995

for + 一段时间; for 5 years

in recent years; 最近

up till now; 直到现在

【标志词:already,yet,so far,recently,just 表示完成时的标志词,动词形式变成“have done”。】

例题:

1.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.史密斯先生自1984年以来一直在这里工作。

2.I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl. 我从小就在这家商店工作。 since 之前用过去完成时,之后的句子用过去时。

3.We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识二十年了。

4.I have just cleaned my room. 我刚刚打扫了我的房间。

5.I have already finished the work. 我已经完成了这项工作。

6.I haven't finished the work yet. 我还没有完成这项工作。

7.India has witnessed many political changes in recent years. 近年来,印度见证了许多政治变化。 has witnessed  见证

法则三十四:since(时态考点)

详解:It is/has bean + 一段时间 + since 自从...已有...

例题:

1.It is 3 years since I joined the army. 我参军已经三年了。 since + 顺时动词ed,正常翻译

=>It has bean 3 years since I joined the army.

2.It is 3 years since he smoked. 他戒烟已经三年了。 since + 延续性动词ed形式,表示否定 五星

=>It has bean 3 years since he smoked.

法则三十五:by the time/ end of (时态考点)

详解:主句 + 将来完成时

by the end of next year

主句 + 过去完成时

by the end of 1999

例题:

1.By the end of next year,they will have completed the work on the new stadium. 到明年年底,他们将完成新体育场的建设工作。

变形:By the end of last year,they had completed the work on the new stadium.

2.I will have finishied the work by the time my father comes back. 等我父亲回来的时候,我就会完成这项工作了。 by the time之后 要用一般现在时代表将来     主将从现 时间状语从句

法则三十六:when与while(时态考点)

详解:【when之后一般要用过去式,while之后一般要用过去进行时。】

when 当...时候  while 当...时候 与此同时 然而

例题:

1.When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner. 当我回到家时,我妈妈正在做饭。

2.While my mother was cooking dinner,I entered the kitchen. 当我妈妈在做饭的时候,我走进了厨房。 entered 永远不加to

法则三十七:一般现在时的被动语态(被动语态考点)

详解:【by 或主语与动词之间构成被动关系。】

例:is played 被打

例题:

1.Basketball is played by me everyday. 我每天都在打篮球。 一般现在时的被动语态

2.The room is being cleaned by the woman. 房间正由那个女人打扫。 现在进行时的被动语态

3.I am asked to study hard by my mother. 我妈妈要求我努力学习。 被动语态在出现动词 加 to

法则三十八:过去时的被动语态(被动语态考点)

详解:【by或yesterday且主语与动词之间构成被动关系】

例:was played 被打

例题:

1.Basketball was played by me yesterday. 昨天篮球是我打的。

2.A new shop was built last year. 去年建了一家新店。built 是 build的过去分词和过去式

3.The window was broken by Mike. 窗户被迈克打破了。

法则三十九:现在进行时的被动语态(被动语态考点)

详解:【by或者主语与动词之间构成被动关系,强调now】

例:is being played 正在被打

例题:

1.Basketball is being played by me now. 我现在正在打篮球。

2.My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 我的自行车现在正由汤姆修理。

3.Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们正在那边种树。

法则四十 :将来时的被动语态(被动语态考点)

详解:【by或主语与动词之间构成被动关系,强调 tomorrow】

例:will be played 将会被打

例题:

1.Basketball will be played by me tomorrow. 明天我将打篮球。

2.Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年将种植更多的树。

3.A new hospital will be built in our city.

法则四十一 :现在完成时(被动语态考点)

详解:【主语与动词构成主动关系“already”,"recently","for + 段时间"】

例:have played 已经打了

例题:1.I have played basketball already.

2.I have finished my homework so far.

3.I have built the building.

法则四十二:过去完成时(主动语态考点)

详解:【主语与动词构成主动关系,“by the time”】

例题:1.I had played basketball by the time he came here. 他来的时候我已经打篮球了。

2.We had finished learning Book1 till last week. 直到上周,我们才完成了第1册的学习。

3.I had finished my homework by 10 o'clock. 我在10点前完成了家庭作业。

法则四十三:现在完成时的被动语态(被动语态考点)

详解:【主语与动词构成被动关系且有完成时的标志词。】

例:have been played 已经被打

例题:1.Basktball has been played by me already. 我已经打过篮球了。

2.This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被翻译成多种语言。

3.The building has been built by me. 这座建筑是我亲手建造的。

法则四十四:现在完成时的进行时(主动语态考点)

详解:【主动与动词构成主动关系,且动作持续了一阵子,还要继续进展下去。】

例: have been playing 已经正在打

例题:1.I have been playing basketball for 2 hours. 我打了两个小时的篮球。

2.She has been skating for three hours. 她已经滑冰三个小时了。

法则四十五:过去完成时的被动语态

详解:【主语与动词之间构成被动关系,且有过去完成时的语境】

例: have been played 已经被打

例题:1.Basketball had been played by me by the time you came here. 你来这儿的时候,我已经打篮球了。

2.Book1 had been finished learning (by us) till last week.  (我们)直到上周才把第一册学完。

法则四十六:被动语态很神奇,永远和to在一起

例题:1.He was taught to learn how to plant trees. 他被教导学习如何种树。 taught teach的过去分词

2.His workers were made to work for twelve hours a day.  他的工人被迫每天工作12个小时。

法则四十七:by(被动语态考点)

详解:【单选中,空格之后有“by”,则空格里考虑填“be + 动词ed”,但是如果前面已经有了动词,则空格里边直接用“ed”就可以了,此时不需要加be动词】

例题:1.This is a best movie directed(direct) by Zhang yi mou. 这是张艺谋导演的一部最好的电影。

2.This movie was directed(direct) by Zhang yi mou. 这部电影是由张艺谋导演的。

法则四十八:I have (固定句式考点)

详解:1>.I have to doubt + that sth.  对sth.毫无疑问

2>.I have trouble/difficulty + (in) doing sth.  在做什么事情有困难/有麻烦

注意:在trouble/difficulty前面会用some,little,great,no等修饰词

例题:

1.I have no doubt that Nature is always right. 我毫不怀疑大自然总是对的。

2.I have no doubt that she has gone to paris. 我毫不怀疑她已经去巴黎了。

3.We have trouble in finding his house. 我们很难找到他的房子。in 可以省略

4.She has no difficulty in learning English well. 她学好英语没有困难。in 可以省略

法则四十九:It is 句式 (固定句式考点)

详解:【凡事以“It is”开头,要考虑此句是否是强调句,则句中的连接词用 that】

强调句:It is + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余部分; 有个原则,去掉 it is ... that 剩余部分无语病。

例题:

1.It is she (not her) who/that invited you to the party. 是她邀请你参加聚会。

2.It was a meeting that all the students held in the room yesterday. 这是一次会议,昨天所有学生在房间里举行的。

3.It was in the room that all the students held a meeting yesterday. 在这个房间里, 昨天所有的学生开了一次会议。

4.It was yesterday that all the students held a meeting in the room. 就在昨天,所有的学生都在房间里开会。

法则五十:It is 其他句式(固定句式考点)

1>.It is difficult (adj.) + to do sth  做什么事情是怎样的

2>.It is adj. + for sb to do sth  对于某人来说做什么事情是怎样的

3>.It is likely/unlikely + to do sth 似乎很有可能/不太可能的去做什么事情

4>.It is likely/unlikely + that 很有可能/不太可能...

5>.It/there is no use/no good/no point + doing 做什么事情没有用处/没有好处/没有意义

例题:

1.It is very important to study English well. 学好英语非常重要。

2.It is difficult to finish the work today. 今天很难完成这项工作。

3.It is very hard for him to study two subjects. 对他来说,学两门课很难。

4.It is likely to rain. 可能会下雨。

5.It is not unlikely to snow tomorrow. 很有可能明天下雪。

6.It is likely that he will give up in despair. 他很可能会在绝望中放弃。give up后有动词,使用ing

7.It is unlikely that britons have noticed the statistical trend. 英国人不太可能注意到这一统计趋势。

8.There is no use arguing with boss on such things. 在这种事情上和老板争论是没有用的。

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