一. 如何创建一个Springmvc项目
1.导入pom坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.创建springmvc控制类(等同于servlet功能)
@Controller
public class Usercontriller {
//设置当前操作路径
@RequestMapping("/save")
//设置返回值类型
@ResponseBody
public String save(){
System.out.println("usercontroller save~");
return "{'moudle','springmvc']";
}
}
3.初始化springmvc环境等同于spring环境(加载bean)
//3.创建springmvc配置文件加载controller对应bean
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.yulong.controller")
public class SpringmvcConfig {
}
4.初始化Servlet容器,加载SpringMVC环境,并设置SpringMVC技术处理的请求
public class ServletinitConfig extends AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer {
//加载springmvc容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createServletApplicationContext() {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(SpringmvcConfig.class);
return ctx;
}
//设置那些请求归属springmvc处理
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
//加载spring容器配置
@Override
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext() {
return null;
}
}
5.定义类继承 AbstractDispatcherServletInitializer并实现方法
二.Springmvc注解功能
1.排除功能
@ComponentScan(value = “com.yulong”,
excludeFilters = @ComponentScan.Filter
(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,classes = Controller.class)
)
excludeFilters:排除扫描路径中加载的bean,需要指定类别(type)与具体项(classes) includeFilters:加载指定的bean,需要指定类别(type)与具体项(classes)
2.乱码解决
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter chara = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
chara.setEncoding("utf-8");
return new Filter[]{chara};
}
3.请求与响应
1.转换json数据
1.导入pom坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
2.转换json数据
根据业务需求看是要纯文本数据或者转json格式
纯文本:方法体上方不需要@ResponseBody
对象转json:方法体上方需要@ResponseBody
2.请求映射路径
@RequestMapping(“/commonParam”)括号里边内容为访问路径
4.异常处理器
1.定义当前类为异常处理:@RestControllerAdvice
2.在异常处理类方法上发添加@ExceptionAdvice(Exception.class)说明处理所有异常类型`
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ProjectionExciption {
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public Result exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
return new Result(404,null,"出异常了快去看看~");
}
}
5.异常的处理
1.添加异常处理器
@RestControllerAdvice
public class ProjectionExciption {
@ExceptionHandler(SystemException.class)
public Result doSystemException(SystemException ex){
//记录日志!
//发消息给运维
//发邮件给开发
return new Result(ex.getCode(),null,ex.getMessage());
}
@ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
public Result doBusinessException(BusinessException ex){
return new Result(ex.getCode(),null,ex.getMessage());
}
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public Result doException(Exception ex){
return new Result(Code.System_UNHNOW_ERR,null,"别着急,等会再来~");
}
}
对不同种类的异常进行处理
2.定义异常类
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{
private Integer code;
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}
public BusinessException(Integer code, String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
this.code = code;
}
public BusinessException(Integer code, String message) {
super(message);
this.code = code;
}
}
定义不同的异常类,来进行异常处理
3定义异常编码
public class Code {
public static final Integer SAVE_OK = 20011;
public static final Integer DELETE_OK = 20021;
public static final Integer UPDATE_OK = 20031;
public static final Integer GET_OK = 20041;
public static final Integer SAVE_ERR = 20010;
public static final Integer DELETE_ERR = 20020;
public static final Integer UPDATE_ERR = 20030;
public static final Integer GET_ERR = 20040;
public static final Integer System_ERR = 50001;
public static final Integer Business_ERR = 20040;
public static final Integer System_timeout_ERR = 20040;
public static final Integer System_UNHNOW_ERR = 59999;
4.触发自定义异常
5.拦截并处理异常
三.request与response接受请求
一.普通参数格式
1.普通参数:请求参数与形参名称对应即可完成参数传递
@RequestMapping("/commonParam")
@ResponseBody
public String commonParam(String name ,int age){
System.out.println("普通参数传递 name ==> "+name);
System.out.println("普通参数传递 age ==> "+age);
return "{'module':'common param'}";
}
2.普通参数:请求参数名与形参名不同时,使用@RequestParam注解关联请求参数名称与形参名称之间的关系
@RequestMapping("/commonParamDifferentName")
@ResponseBody
public String commonParamDifferentName(@RequestParam("name") String userName , int age){
System.out.println("普通参数传递 userName ==> "+userName);
System.out.println("普通参数传递 age ==> "+age);
return "{'module':'common param different name'}";
}
3.POJO参数:请求参数与形参对象中的属性对应即可完成参数传递
@RequestMapping("/pojoParam")
@ResponseBody
public String pojoParam(User user){
System.out.println("pojo参数传递 user ==> "+user);
return "{'module':'pojo param'}";
}
4.嵌套POJO参数:嵌套属性按照层次结构设定名称即可完成参数传递
@RequestMapping("/pojoContainPojoParam")
@ResponseBody
public String pojoContainPojoParam(User user){
System.out.println("pojo嵌套pojo参数传递 user ==> "+user);
return "{'module':'pojo contain pojo param'}";
}
5.数组参数:同名请求参数可以直接映射到对应名称的形参数组对象中
@RequestMapping("/arrayParam")
@ResponseBody
public String arrayParam(String[] likes){
System.out.println("数组参数传递 likes ==> "+ Arrays.toString(likes));
return "{'module':'array param'}";
}
6.集合参数:同名请求参数可以使用@RequestParam注解映射到对应名称的集合对象中作为数据
@RequestMapping("/listParam")
@ResponseBody
public String listParam(@RequestParam List<String> likes){
System.out.println("集合参数传递 likes ==> "+ likes);
return "{'module':'list param'}";
}
二.json格式接收参数
集合参数:json格式
1.开启json数据格式的自动转换,在配置类中开启@EnableWebMvc
2.使用@RequestBody注解将外部传递的json数组数据映射到形参的保存实体类对象的集合对象中,要求属性名称一一对应
@RequestMapping("/listPojoParamForJson")
@ResponseBody
public String listPojoParamForJson(@RequestBody List<User> list){
System.out.println("list pojo(json)参数传递 list ==> "+list);
return "{'module':'list pojo for json param'}";
}
日期参数:json格式
使用@DateTimeFormat注解设置日期类型数据格式,默认格式yyyy/MM/dd
@RequestMapping("/dataParam")
@ResponseBody
public String dataParam(Date date,
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") Date date1,
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss") Date date2){
System.out.println("参数传递 date ==> "+date);
System.out.println("参数传递 date1(yyyy-MM-dd) ==> "+date1);
System.out.println("参数传递 date2(yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss) ==> "+date2);
return "{'module':'data param'}";
}
四.REST风格
1. REST风格简介
REST表现形式状态转换传统风格资源描述形式:
http://localhost/user/getById?id=1
http://localhost/user/saveUser
REST风格描述形式:
http://localhost/user/1
http://localhost/user
优点:隐藏资源的访问行为,无法通过地址得知对资源是何种操作
书写简化
按照REST风格访问资源时使用行为动作区分对资源进行了何种操作
http://localhost/users 查询全部用户信息 GET(查询
http://localhost/users/1 查询指定用户信息 GET(查询)
http://localhost/users 添加用户信息 POST(新增/保存)
http://localhost/users 修改用户信息 PUT(修改/更新)
http://localhost/users/1 删除用户信息 DELETE(删除)
根据REST风格对资源进行访问称为RESTful
★★★:上述行为是约定方式,约定不是规范,可以打破,所以称REST风格,而不是REST规范
描述模块的名称通常使用复数,也就是加s的格式描述,表示此类资源,而非单个资源,例如:users、books、accounts……
@RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@ResponseBody
//@PathVariable注解作用为从{id}里边取值
public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("user delete id ==> "+id);
return "{'module':'user delete id'}";
}
2. RESTful快速开发整理繁琐代码
整理如下:
告别繁琐,使代码更整洁更优雅!
//@Controller
//@ResponseBody
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
// @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
//@PathVariable注解作用为从{id}里边取值
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("user delete id ==> "+id);
return "{'module':'user delete id'}";
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/save",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping
public String save(){
System.out.println("user save ...");
return "{'info':'springmvc'}";
}
3. RESTful静态页面无法访问
创建一个控制类继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
//设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
}
让目录脱离spring吗v从管理转交给tomcat,需要访问那些目录按上边代码块中操作进行处理
五.拦截器
1.拦截器使用方法
1.生命拦截器的bean,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口(注意:扫描加载bean)
@Component
public class ProjectInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle...");
}
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle....");
return true;
}
}
2.定义配置类,继承WebMvcConfigrationSupport,实现addInterceptor方法(注意:扫描加载配置)
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
//设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
@Autowired
private ProjectInterceptor projectInterceptor;
@Override
protected void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(projectInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/books");
}
}
其中路径可以设置多个用逗号隔开
2.拦截器参数
1.前置处理
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle....");
return true;
}
参数:request:请求对象
response:响应对象
handller:被调用的处理器对象,本质上是一个方法对象,对反射技术的Method对象进行了再包装
返回值:false:被拦截的处理器不再执行
2.后置处理
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle...");
}
modelAndView:如果处理器完成具有返回结果,可以读取到对应界面信息和数据,并进行调整
3.完成后处理
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
}
ex:处理器进行中出现的异常现象,可以针对异常情况进行单独处理
3.拦截器链原理
配置方式:复制之前拦截器并重新命名
运行顺序:preHandle:与配置顺序相同,必定运行
postHandle:与配置顺序相反,可能不运行
afterCompletion:与配置顺序相反,可能不运行