12.Android AsyncTask 技巧
AsyncTask的原理
其实AsyncTask的原理简单来说,就是:
- 一个任务队:用于存放自定义的(WorkerRunnable)。
- 一个线程池:初始化好任务队列,放入该线程池中。
- 一个内部Handler:用于提供线程池执行线程时与主线程之间的交互(刷新控件各种)。
AsyncTask.execute(…)时,会启动AsyncTask的线程池,开始执行池中的任务队。只有doInBackground()在线程池中的线程执行,所以不能更新主UI线程的控件,剩下的onProgressUpdate()、onPostExecute()、onCancelled()、onPreExecute()在主UI线程中。onPreExecute()比较特殊的地方就是,它是主线程自己调用的。
这是execute()就直接走到的executeOnExecutor()源码:
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
其他的onProgressUpdate()、onPostExecute()、onCancelled()都经由InternalHandler调用。
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
这里就是各种sendMessage(…)后的转发,最明显是是看到了onProgressUpdate();
然后onPostExecute()、onCancelled()就在finish()中再次转发
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
综上,就是内置一个线程池既花式又完美的sendMessage(…)给内部Handler处理的二次封装类
AsyncTask 模板
ProgressBarAsyncTask:
/**
* Description:
* Created by:CaMnter
* Time:2015-09-17 14:19
*/
public class ProgressBarAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
private TextView textview;
private ProgressBar progressBar;
public ProgressBarAsyncTask(ProgressBar progressBar, TextView textview) {
super();
this.textview = textview;
this.progressBar = progressBar;
}
/**
* 对应AsyncTask第一个参数
* 异步操作,不在主UI线程中,不能对控件进行修改
* 可以调用publishProgress方法中转到onProgressUpdate(这里完成了一个handler.sendMessage(...)的过程)
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
* @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
* @see #onPreExecute()
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #publishProgress
*/
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
int i = 0;
for (; i < 100; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.publishProgress(i);
}
return i + params[0];
}
/**
* 对应AsyncTask第二个参数
* 在doInBackground方法当中,每次调用publishProgress方法都会中转(handler.sendMessage(...))到onProgressUpdate
* 在主UI线程中,可以对控件进行修改
*
* @param values The values indicating progress.
* @see #publishProgress
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
int value = values[0];
this.progressBar.setProgress(value);
this.textview.setText(value+"%");
}
/**
* 对应AsyncTask第三个参数 (接受doInBackground的返回值)
* 在doInBackground方法执行结束之后在运行,此时已经回来主UI线程当中 能对UI控件进行修改
*
* @param s The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
* @see #onPreExecute
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
this.textview.setText("执行结束:" + s);
}
/**
* 运行在主UI线程中,此时是预执行状态,下一步是doInBackground
*
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
/**
* <p>Applications should preferably override {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.
* This method is invoked by the default implementation of
* {@link #onCancelled(Object)}.</p>
* <p/>
* <p>Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked and
* {@link #doInBackground(Object[])} has finished.</p>
*
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
* @see #cancel(boolean)
* @see #isCancelled()
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
super.onCancelled();
}
}
Activity:
ProgressBarAsyncTask asyncTask = new ProgressBarAsyncTask(this.progressBar, this.textview);
asyncTask.execute("%");