外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像spring一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:(我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类:
[java] view plaincopy
1.public class CPU {
2.
3. public void startup(){
4. System.out.println("cpu startup!");
5. }
6.
7. public void shutdown(){
8. System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");
9. }
10.}
[java] view plaincopy
1.public class Memory {
2.
3. public void startup(){
4. System.out.println("memory startup!");
5. }
6.
7. public void shutdown(){
8. System.out.println("memory shutdown!");
9. }
10.}
[java] view plaincopy
1.public class Disk {
2.
3. public void startup(){
4. System.out.println("disk startup!");
5. }
6.
7. public void shutdown(){
8. System.out.println("disk shutdown!");
9. }
10.}
[java] view plaincopy
1.public class Computer {
2. private CPU cpu;
3. private Memory memory;
4. private Disk disk;
5.
6. public Computer(){
7. cpu = new CPU();
8. memory = new Memory();
9. disk = new Disk();
10. }
11.
12. public void startup(){
13. System.out.println("start the computer!");
14. cpu.startup();
15. memory.startup();
16. disk.startup();
17. System.out.println("start computer finished!");
18. }
19.
20. public void shutdown(){
21. System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");
22. cpu.shutdown();
23. memory.shutdown();
24. disk.shutdown();
25. System.out.println("computer closed!");
26. }
27.}
User类如下:
[java] view plaincopy
1.public class User {
2.
3. public static void main(String[] args) {
4. Computer computer = new Computer();
5. computer.startup();
6. computer.shutdown();
7. }
8.}
输出:
start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!
如果我们没有Computer类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到的,有了Computer类,他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用,这,就是外观模式!