R语言中的ggmap包

介绍

R语言中的ggmap包可以实现地图背景的绘制，里面的主要函数有get_map(),ggmap()以及ggmap()等。它们返回的是一个ggplot2对象，随后可以在此基础上绘制其他ggplot元素。

get_map()

get_map(location = c(lon = -95.3632715, lat = 29.7632836),
  zoom = "auto", scale = "auto", maptype = c("terrain",
  "terrain-background", "satellite", "roadmap", "hybrid", "toner",
  "watercolor", "terrain-labels", "terrain-lines", "toner-2010",
  "toner-2011", "toner-background", "toner-hybrid", "toner-labels",
  "toner-lines", "toner-lite"), source = c("google", "osm", "stamen"),
  force = ifelse(source == "google", TRUE, FALSE), messaging = FALSE,
  urlonly = FALSE, filename = NULL, crop = TRUE, color = c("color",
  "bw"), language = "en-EN", ...)

参数介绍

• location
  an address, longitude/latitude pair (in that order), or left/bottom/right/top bounding box，经常使用box来取地图，这样也不需要API key.

• zoom
  map zoom, an integer from 3 (continent) to 21 (building), default value 10 (city). openstreetmaps limits a zoom of 18, and the limit on stamen maps depends on the maptype. “auto” automatically determines the zoom for bounding box specifications, and is defaulted to 10 with center/zoom specifications. maps of the whole world currently not supported.

• scale
  scale argument of get_googlemap or get_openstreetmap

• maptype
  character string providing map theme. options available are “terrain”, “terrain-background”, “satellite”, “roadmap”, and “hybrid” (google maps), “terrain”, “watercolor”, and “toner” (stamen maps), or a positive integer for cloudmade maps (see ?get_cloudmademap)

• source
  Google Maps (“google”), OpenStreetMap (“osm”), Stamen Maps (“stamen”)

• force
  force new map (don’t use archived version)

• messaging
  turn messaging on/off

• urlonly
  return url only

• filename
  destination file for download (file extension added according to format). Default NULL means a random tempfile.

• crop
  (stamen and cloudmade maps) crop tiles to bounding box

• == color==
  color (“color”) or black-and-white (“bw”)

• language
  language for google maps

ggmap

ggmap()就是对get_map()获得的地图结果进行绘制，接收的也是一个get_map对象

ggmap(get_map对象)

qmap()

qmap()=get_map()+ggmap(), 它是后两个函数的封装。

实例

b=get_map(location = c(left = 115.7, bottom = 39.4, right = 117.4, top = 40.5))
ggmap(b)