python matplotlib:figure,add_subplot,subplot,subplots讲解实现

最近又用到了matplotlib 中画图的函数。总结几个常用的函数的作用于区别。

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

1.figure()

函数定义matplotlib.pyplot.figure(num=Nonefigsize=Nonedpi=Nonefacecolor=Noneedgecolor=Noneframeon=TrueFigureClass=<class 'matplotlib.figure.Figure'>clear=False**kwargs)

plt.figure()创建一个画布。

主要讲一个参数num:相当于给画布定义一个id,如果给出了num,之前没有使用,则创建一个新的画布;如果之前使用了这个num,那么返回那个画布的引用,在之前的画布上继续作图。如果没有给出num, 则每次创建一块新的画布。

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
 
x=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=20)
y=np.sin(x)
yn=np.cos(x)
f1=interp1d(x,y,kind='linear')#线性插值
f2=interp1d(x,y,kind='cubic')#三次样条插值
x_pred=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=1000)
y1=f1(x_pred)
y2=f2(x_pred)
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(x_pred,y1,'r',label='linear')
plt.plot(x_pred,y2,'b--',label='cubic')
plt.legend()
# plt.show()
plt.figure(2)
plt.plot(x,yn,label='new')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
 
x=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=20)
y=np.sin(x)
yn=np.cos(x)
f1=interp1d(x,y,kind='linear')#线性插值
f2=interp1d(x,y,kind='cubic')#三次样条插值
x_pred=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=1000)
y1=f1(x_pred)
y2=f2(x_pred)
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(x_pred,y1,'r',label='linear')
plt.plot(x_pred,y2,'b--',label='cubic')
plt.legend()
# plt.show()
plt.figure(1)
plt.plot(x,yn,label='new')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

 2 add_subplot()

add_subplot(*args**kwargs)

向图中加入子图的轴。返回子图的坐标轴axes

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
 
x=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=20)
y=np.sin(x)
yn=np.cos(x)
f1=interp1d(x,y,kind='linear')#线性插值
f2=interp1d(x,y,kind='cubic')#三次样条插值
x_pred=np.linspace(0,10*np.pi,num=1000)
y1=f1(x_pred)
y2=f2(x_pred)
fig = plt.figure()
fig.add_subplot(221)
plt.plot(x_pred,y1,'r',label='linear')
fig.add_subplot(222)
plt.plot(x_pred,y2,'b--',label='cubic')

plt.show()

 

 通过ax设置各种图的参数。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
fig = plt.figure()
fig.suptitle('bold figure suptitle', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.85)
ax.set_title('axes title')
ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')
ax.text(3, 8, 'boxed italics text in data coords', style='italic',
        bbox={'facecolor':'red', 'alpha':0.5, 'pad':10})
ax.text(2, 6, r'an equation: $E=mc^2$', fontsize=15)
# ax.text(3, 2, unicode('unicode: Institut f\374r Festk\366rperphysik', 'latin-1'))
ax.text(0.95, 0.01, 'colored text in axes coords',
        verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right',
        transform=ax.transAxes,
        color='green', fontsize=15)
ax.plot([2,3,4], [1,2,5], 'o')
ax.annotate('annotate', xy=(2, 1), xytext=(3, 4),
            arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05))
ax.axis([0, 10, 0, 11])
plt.show()

3.subplot()

matplotlib.pyplot.subplot(*args**kwargs):当前图中加子图

plt.subplot(221)

# equivalent but more general
ax1=plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)


x = np.random.rand(10)
y = np.random.rand(10)
z = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)

plt.subplot(321)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker=">")

plt.subplot(322)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker=(5, 0))

verts = np.array([[-1, -1], [1, -1], [1, 1], [-1, -1]])
plt.subplot(323)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker=verts)

plt.subplot(324)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker=(5, 1))

plt.subplot(325)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker='+')

plt.subplot(326)
plt.scatter(x, y, s=80, c=z, marker=(5, 2))

plt.show()

 4. subplots()

matplotlib.pyplot.subplots(nrows=1ncols=1sharex=Falsesharey=Falsesqueeze=Truesubplot_kw=Nonegridspec_kw=None**fig_kw) :创建一个图形和一组子图。

nrows, ncols : int, optional, default: 1 子图网络的行列数。.

examples:

#First create some toy data:
x = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 400)
y = np.sin(x**2)

#Creates just a figure and only one subplot
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.set_title('Simple plot')

#Creates two subplots and unpacks the output array immediately
f, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
ax1.plot(x, y)
ax1.set_title('Sharing Y axis')
ax2.scatter(x, y)

#Creates four polar axes, and accesses them through the returned array
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, subplot_kw=dict(polar=True))
axes[0, 0].plot(x, y)
axes[1, 1].scatter(x, y

返回: fig, ax

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {'apples': 10, 'oranges': 15, 'lemons': 5, 'limes': 20}
names = list(data.keys())
values = list(data.values())

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(9, 3), sharey=True)
axs[0].bar(names, values)
axs[1].scatter(names, values)
axs[2].plot(names, values)
fig.suptitle('Categorical Plotting')

个人喜好用1画一个图,4画多个图。 

class matplotlib.axes.Axes(figrectfacecolor=Noneframeon=Truesharex=Nonesharey=Nonelabel=''xscale=Noneyscale=None, **kwargs):

The Axes contains most of the figure elements: AxisTickLine2DTextPolygon, etc., and sets the coordinate system.

  • 6
    点赞
  • 20
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值