csv转shp文件

本文主要参考geotools官网教程：Feature Tutorial — GeoTools 32-SNAPSHOT User Guide

一、Feature定义

        所谓Feature要素，实质上就是在map地图上展示出来的东西。严格意义上讲：Feature要素是对现实世界客观实体的抽象表达

        但是对于Java开发者而言，最简明的解释就是：一个Feature就是一个对象。像Java对象一样，Feature要素可以用于表达客观实体与现实世界相关的信息。这些信息将被组织成attributes属性，然后被写入field字段中保存。

        java概念与geotools概念类比如下：

java	geotools
Object	Feature
Class	FeatureType
Field	Attribute
Method	Operation

        构建Feature需要首先构建一个FeatureType（类比java创建对象，首先得有对象的类）

构建FeatureType的2种方式

1、通过字符串构建FeatureType      

private static SimpleFeatureType createFeatureTypeByStr() throws SchemaException {
        //the_geom" 必须是 Point, MultiPoint, MuiltiLineString, MultiPolygon 类型的一种
        //the_geom" 始终位于第一位，用于几何体属性名称
        return DataUtilities.createType("Location",
                "the_geom:Point:srid=4326,name:String,number:Integer");
    }

2、通过SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder创建

private static SimpleFeatureType createFeatureType(Class<? extends Geometry> geometryClazz) {
        SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder builder = new SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder();
        builder.setName("Location");
        // 设置坐标参考系
        builder.setCRS(DefaultGeographicCRS.WGS84);

        // 按顺序添加属性
        builder.add("the_geom", geometryClazz);
        // 名称字段宽度为15个字符
        builder.length(15).add("Name", String.class);
        builder.add("number", Integer.class);
        //构建 type
        return builder.buildFeatureType();
    }

二、DataStore（数据存储）

         GeoTools提供了DataStore接口，用于表示一个包含空间数据的文件、数据库或服务，即：空间数据源。API结构如下所示：

    FeatureSource用于读取数据源中的Feature要素数据，其子类FeatureStore拥有对数据源的读写权限。

判断是否可以在 GeoTools 中写入 File 的方法是使用 instanceof 检查

String typeNames = dataStore.getTypeNames()[0];
SimpleFeatureSource source = store.getfeatureSource( typeName );
if( source instanceof SimpleFeatureStore){
   SimpleFeatureStore store = (SimpleFeatureStore) source; // write access!
   store.addFeatures( featureCollection );
   store.removeFeatures( filter ); // filter is like SQL WHERE
   store.modifyFeature( attribute, value, filter );
}

三、csv文件转shp文件

1、csv文件准备

        按照官网提供的测试数据将下面的代码复制到一个csv文件中

LAT, LON, CITY, NUMBER
46.066667, 11.116667, Trento, 140
44.9441, -93.0852, St Paul, 125
13.752222, 100.493889, Bangkok, 150
45.420833, -75.69, Ottawa, 200
44.9801, -93.251867, Minneapolis, 350
46.519833, 6.6335, Lausanne, 560
48.428611, -123.365556, Victoria, 721
-33.925278, 18.423889, Cape Town, 550
-33.859972, 151.211111, Sydney, 436
41.383333, 2.183333, Barcelona, 914
39.739167, -104.984722, Denver, 869
52.95, -1.133333, Nottingham, 800
45.52, -122.681944, Portland, 840
37.5667,129.681944,Seoul,473
50.733992,7.099814,Bonn,700,2016

2、pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>geotools</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>geotools</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <geotools.version>25-SNAPSHOT</geotools.version>
        <maven.deploy.skip>true</maven.deploy.skip>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
            <artifactId>gt-epsg-hsql</artifactId>
            <version>${geotools.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.javacsv</groupId>
            <artifactId>javacsv</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>osgeo</id>
            <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
            <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
            <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
            <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
            <releases>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <inherited>true</inherited>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.10.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3、代码实现

3.1、解析读取csv文件并转换成要素集合

private static List<SimpleFeature> readCsv2Feature(SimpleFeatureType type, File file) throws IOException {

    List<SimpleFeature> features = new ArrayList<>();

    //通过要素类型构建简单要素构建器
    SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(type);

    //构建空间要素工厂GeometryFactory。通过这个工厂方法，我们可以创建出点、线、面要素。
    //需要注意的是，这个方法只创建创建空间要素，并不会创建属性信息
    GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();

    CsvReader csvReader = new CsvReader(file.getAbsolutePath(), ',', StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    //获取表头
    csvReader.readHeaders();
    while (csvReader.readRecord()) {
        Double latitude = Double.parseDouble(csvReader.get(0));
        Double longitude = Double.parseDouble(csvReader.get(1));
        String name = csvReader.get(2).trim();
        int number = Integer.parseInt(csvReader.get(3).trim());
        //通过经纬度创建点地理实体
        Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(new Coordinate(longitude, latitude));
        //将点地理实体以及其他属性信息添加到要素构建器中
        featureBuilder.add(point);
        featureBuilder.add(name);
        featureBuilder.add(number);
        //通过要素构建器构建要素SimpleFeature
        SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);
        
        features.add(feature);
    }
    return features;
}

3.2、创建shp文件

private static File getNewShapeFile(File csvFile) {
        String path = csvFile.getAbsolutePath();
        String newPath = path.substring(0, path.length() - 4) + ".shp";

        JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
        chooser.setDialogTitle("Save shapefile");
        chooser.setSelectedFile(new File(newPath));

        int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);

        if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            // the user cancelled the dialog
            System.exit(0);
        }
        File newFile = chooser.getSelectedFile();
        if (newFile.equals(csvFile)) {
            System.out.println("Error: cannot replace " + csvFile);
            System.exit(0);
        }
        return newFile;
    }

3.3、要素集合保存shp文件中

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());

        File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("csv", null);
        if (file == null) {
            return;
        }

        //创建一个FeatureType
        SimpleFeatureType type = createFeatureType(Point.class);

        //将csv转换为feature集合
        List<SimpleFeature> features = readCsv2Feature(type, file);


        //通过csv文件名创建一个同名的shp文件
        File newFile = getNewShapeFile(file);
        
        //通过dataStoreFactory并结合特定的参数创建ShapefileDataStore。
        //这些参数包括url(shp文件地址)以及create spatial index(是否创建空间索引)
        //这里我们可以理解为一个没有表结构的表
        ShapefileDataStoreFactory dataStoreFactory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();

        Map<String, Serializable> params = new HashMap<>(2);
        params.put("url", newFile.toURI().toURL());
        params.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE);
       
        ShapefileDataStore newDataStore =
                (ShapefileDataStore) dataStoreFactory.createNewDataStore(params);

        //通过newDataStore创建约束信息，此时表包含了字段信息(type用作描述文件内容的模板)
        newDataStore.createSchema(type);

        //考虑到一个shp文件会有数十万的图斑，所以geotools在这里引入了事务机制
        Transaction transaction = new DefaultTransaction("create");

        String typeName = newDataStore.getTypeNames()[0];
        SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = newDataStore.getFeatureSource(typeName);

        if (featureSource instanceof SimpleFeatureStore) {

            SimpleFeatureStore featureStore = (SimpleFeatureStore) featureSource;
            SimpleFeatureCollection collection = new ListFeatureCollection(type, features);
            featureStore.setTransaction(transaction);
            try {
                featureStore.addFeatures(collection);
                transaction.commit();
            } catch (Exception problem) {
                problem.printStackTrace();
                transaction.rollback();
            } finally {
                transaction.close();
            }
            System.exit(0);
        } else {
            System.out.println(typeName + " does not support read/write access");
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

完整代码文件地址： https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_19800029/89065855