SpringBoot 是一个快速开发的框架,能够快速的整合第三方框架,简化XML配置,全部采用注解形式,内置Tomcat容器,帮助开发者能够实现快速开发,SpringBoot的Web组件默认集成的是SpringMVC框架。
核心原理:
- 基于SpringMVC无配置文件(纯Java)完全注解化+内置tomcat-embed-core实现SpringBoot框架,Main函数启动。
- SpringBoot核心快速整合第三方框架原理:Maven继承依赖关系
- SpringBoot内嵌入tomcat-embed-core
- SpringBoot采用SpringMVC注解版本实现无配置效果
下面来讲解SpringBoot的实现原理,主要重“内置Tomcat容器”和“SpringMVC注解启动”这两块来分析。
注意:本文说的不是SpringBoot流程还是SpringBoot核心原理。
1.内置Tomcat容器
Java提供内置Tomcat容器框架,使用Java语言操作Tomcat容器。
案例: 使用Java语言创建一个Tomcat容器。
1.1添加maven依赖:
<dependencies>
<!--Java语言操作tomcat -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>8.5.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-mvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- tomcat对jsp支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
<version>8.5.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
1.2 创建Servet类:
public class IndexServet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().print("springboot2.0");
}
}
1.3 创建Tomcat运行:
public class Test001 {
// 端口号
private static int PORT = 8080;
// 项目名称
private static String CONTEXTPATH = "/ylw";
public static void main(String[] args) throws LifecycleException, InterruptedException {
// 创建Tomcat服务器
Tomcat tomcatServer = new Tomcat();
// 设置Tomcat端口号
tomcatServer.setPort(PORT);
tomcatServer.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
// 创建Context上下文
StandardContext standardContext = new StandardContext();
standardContext.setPath(CONTEXTPATH);
standardContext.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());
// tomcat容器添加standardContext
tomcatServer.getHost().addChild(standardContext);
// 创建servlet
tomcatServer.addServlet(CONTEXTPATH, "IndexServet", new IndexServlet());
// 添加servleturl映射
standardContext.addServletMappingDecoded("/index", "IndexServet");
tomcatServer.start();
System.out.println("tomcat启动...");
tomcatServer.getServer().await();
}
}
1.4 运行结果:
浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/ylw/index:
2. SpringMVC注解启动方式
DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC的核心,每当应用接受一个HTTP请求,由DispatcherServlet负责将请求分发给应用的其他组件。
在旧版本中,DispatcherServlet之类的servlet一般在web.xml文件中配置,该文件一般会打包进最后的war包种;但是Spring 3引入了注解,下面来讲解如何基于注解配置Spring MVC?
2.1 添加Maven依赖:
<dependencies>
<!--Java语言操作tomcat -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>8.5.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring-mvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- tomcat对jsp支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
<version>8.5.16</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.2 加载SpringMVCDispatcherServlet
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer这个类负责配置DispatcherServlet、初始化Spring MVC容器和Spring容器。getRootConfigClasses()方法用于获取Spring应用容器的配置文件,这里我们给定预先定义的RootConfig.class;getServletConfigClasses负责获取Spring MVC应用容器,这里传入预先定义好的WebConfig.class;getServletMappings()方法负责指定需要由DispatcherServlet映射的路径,这里给定的是"/",意思是由DispatcherServlet处理所有向该应用发起的请求。
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;
public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
// 加载根容器
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new Class[] { RootConfig.class };
}
// 加载SpringMVC容器
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[] { WebConfig.class };
}
// SpringMVCDispatcherServlet 拦截的请求 /
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[] { "/" };
}
}
2.3 加载SpringMVC容器:
正如可以通过多种方式配置DispatcherServlet一样,也可以通过多种方式启动Spring MVC特性。原来我们一般在xml文件中使用<mvc:annotatio-driven>
元素启动注解驱动的Spring MVC特性。
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.ylw.controller")
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
}
2.4 RootConfig容器
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.ylw")
public class RootConfig {
}
2.5 indexController
package com.ylw.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/index", produces = "text/html;charset=UTF-8")
public String index() {
return "SpringBoot index ......";
}
}
2.6 测试类:
import java.io.File;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot;
public class AppTomcat {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ServletException, LifecycleException {
start();
}
public static void start() throws ServletException, LifecycleException {
// 创建Tomcat容器
Tomcat tomcatServer = new Tomcat();
// 端口号设置
tomcatServer.setPort(9090);
// 读取项目路径
StandardContext ctx = (StandardContext) tomcatServer.addWebapp("/", new File("src/main").getAbsolutePath());
// 禁止重新载入
ctx.setReloadable(false);
// class文件读取地址
File additionWebInfClasses = new File("target/classes");
// 创建WebRoot
WebResourceRoot resources = new StandardRoot(ctx);
// tomcat内部读取Class执行
resources.addPreResources(
new DirResourceSet(resources, "/WEB-INF/classes", additionWebInfClasses.getAbsolutePath(), "/"));
tomcatServer.start();
// 异步等待请求执行
tomcatServer.getServer().await();
}
}
2.7运行
浏览器输入:http://localhost:9090/index
2.8 其它(对JSP页面的支持)
1.修改WebConfig创建视图解析器
// 创建SpringMVC视图解析器
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
//可以在JSP页面中通过${}访问beans
viewResolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);
return viewResolver;
}
2.新增控制器层
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/pageIndex")
public String pageIndex() {
return "pageIndex";
}
}