USB 设备驱动之设备接入梳理（六）

      话说上一章，介绍了host获取设备描述符的过程，主要的思路就是先获取9 bytes，从这9 bytes中获取配置描述符的长度，然后一次性获取全部的配置描述符，配置描述符其实是配置描述符信息 + 端口描述符信息的总和，在设备内存中的分布如下图所示。有些设备可能不只一个配置描述符(业界称之为：符合设备)，也同样是这样的分布。

    获取了配置描述符后，对其进行解析。

static int usb_parse_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int cfgidx,
    struct usb_host_config *config, unsigned char *buffer, int size)
{
	struct device *ddev = &dev->dev;
	unsigned char *buffer0 = buffer;
	int cfgno;
	int nintf, nintf_orig;
	int i, j, n;
	struct usb_interface_cache *intfc;
	unsigned char *buffer2;
	int size2;
	struct usb_descriptor_header *header;
	int len, retval;
	u8 inums[USB_MAXINTERFACES], nalts[USB_MAXINTERFACES];
	unsigned iad_num = 0;

	memcpy(&config->desc, buffer, USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);    /*将读取到的配置描述符的前9个bytes拷贝到设备的描述符缓存中*/
	if (config->desc.bDescriptorType != USB_DT_CONFIG ||   /* 检查读取到配置的合法性 */
	    config->desc.bLength < USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE ||
	    config->desc.bLength > size) {
		dev_err(ddev, "invalid descriptor for config index %d: "
		    "type = 0x%X, length = %d\n", cfgidx,
		    config->desc.bDescriptorType, config->desc.bLength);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	cfgno = config->desc.bConfigurationValue;      /* 获取配置的编号 */

	buffer += config->desc.bLength;              /* 跳过配置描述符端点的长度，接下来就是端点描述符的起始地址 */
	size -= config->desc.bLength;                /*  得到端点描述符的长度 */

	nintf = nintf_orig = config->desc.bNumInterfaces;   /* 获取端点配置的数目 */
	if (nintf > USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
		dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has too many interfaces: %d, "
		    "using maximum allowed: %d\n",
		    cfgno, nintf, USB_MAXINTERFACES);
		nintf = USB_MAXINTERFACES;
	}

	/* Go through the descriptors, checking their length and counting the
	 * number of altsettings for each interface */
	n = 0;
	for ((buffer2 = buffer, size2 = size);    /* 依次获取每一个接口描述符 */
	      size2 > 0;
	     (buffer2 += header->bLength, size2 -= header->bLength)) {

		if (size2 < sizeof(struct usb_descriptor_header)) {    /* 剩下接口长度少于标准长度，则退出，不再解析 */
			dev_warn(ddev, "config %d descriptor has %d excess "
			    "byte%s, ignoring\n",
			    cfgno, size2, plural(size2));
			break;
		}

		header = (struct usb_descriptor_header *) buffer2;
		if ((header->bLength > size2) || (header->bLength < 2)) {   /* 接口描述符长度合法性检查 */
			dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has an invalid descriptor "
			    "of length %d, skipping remainder of the config\n",
			    cfgno, header->bLength);
			break;
		}

		if (header->bDescriptorType == USB_DT_INTERFACE) {     /* 接口描述符类型检查，是接口描述符再解析 */
			struct usb_interface_descriptor *d;
			int inum;

			d = (struct usb_interface_descriptor *) header;
			if (d->bLength < USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE) {  /* 接口描述符长度合法性检查 */
				dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has an invalid "
				    "interface descriptor of length %d, "
				    "skipping\n", cfgno, d->bLength);
				continue;
			}

			inum = d->bInterfaceNumber;    /* 获取接口描述编号 */

			if ((dev->quirks & USB_QUIRK_HONOR_BNUMINTERFACES) &&
			    n >= nintf_orig) {         /* 合法性检测 */
				dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has more interface "
				    "descriptors, than it declares in "
				    "bNumInterfaces, ignoring interface "
				    "number: %d\n", cfgno, inum);
				continue;
			}

			if (inum >= nintf_orig)
				dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has an invalid "
				    "interface number: %d but max is %d\n",
				    cfgno, inum, nintf_orig - 1);

			/* Have we already encountered this interface?
			 * Count its altsettings */
			for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {        /* for循环的俄作用只有一个: 改变i的值，使得数组项被依次赋值 */
				if (inums[i] == inum)        /* 如果inums数组中的当前接口配置描述符被识别过，则跳出 */
					break;                  /* 未被识别，则++i，从而增加nalts数组和inums数组 */
			}
			if (i < n) {
				if (nalts[i] < 255)
					++nalts[i];
			} else if (n < USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
				inums[n] = inum;             /* inums 数组，里面的每一项表示一个接口配置的编号 */
				nalts[n] = 1;                /* nalts 数组，里面每一项表示接口配置被正常识别，和 inums 一一对应 */ 
				++n;
			}

		} else if (header->bDescriptorType ==    /*其他配置符的处理 */
				USB_DT_INTERFACE_ASSOCIATION) {
			if (iad_num == USB_MAXIADS) {
				dev_warn(ddev, "found more Interface "
					       "Association Descriptors "
					       "than allocated for in "
					       "configuration %d\n", cfgno);
			} else {
				config->intf_assoc[iad_num] =
					(struct usb_interface_assoc_descriptor
					*)header;
				iad_num++;
			}

		} else if (header->bDescriptorType == USB_DT_DEVICE ||
			    header->bDescriptorType == USB_DT_CONFIG)
			dev_warn(ddev, "config %d contains an unexpected "
			    "descriptor of type 0x%X, skipping\n",
			    cfgno, header->bDescriptorType);

	}	/* for ((buffer2 = buffer, size2 = size); ...) */
	size = buffer2 - buffer;
	config->desc.wTotalLength = cpu_to_le16(buffer2 - buffer0);

	if (n != nintf)
		dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has %d interface%s, different from "
		    "the descriptor's value: %d\n",
		    cfgno, n, plural(n), nintf_orig);
	else if (n == 0)
		dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has no interfaces?\n", cfgno);
	config->desc.bNumInterfaces = nintf = n;

	/* Check for missing interface numbers */
	for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
		for (j = 0; j < nintf; ++j) {
			if (inums[j] == i)
				break;
		}
		if (j >= nintf)
			dev_warn(ddev, "config %d has no interface number "
			    "%d\n", cfgno, i);
	}

	/* Allocate the usb_interface_caches and altsetting arrays */
	for (i = 0; i < nintf; ++i) {
		j = nalts[i];
		if (j > USB_MAXALTSETTING) {
			dev_warn(ddev, "too many alternate settings for "
			    "config %d interface %d: %d, "
			    "using maximum allowed: %d\n",
			    cfgno, inums[i], j, USB_MAXALTSETTING);
			nalts[i] = j = USB_MAXALTSETTING;
		}

		len = sizeof(*intfc) + sizeof(struct usb_host_interface) * j;
		config->intf_cache[i] = intfc = kzalloc(len, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!intfc)
			return -ENOMEM;
		kref_init(&intfc->ref);
	}

	/* FIXME: parse the BOS descriptor */

	/* Skip over any Class Specific or Vendor Specific descriptors;
	 * find the first interface descriptor */
	config->extra = buffer;
	i = find_next_descriptor(buffer, size, USB_DT_INTERFACE,
	    USB_DT_INTERFACE, &n);
	config->extralen = i;
	if (n > 0)
		dev_dbg(ddev, "skipped %d descriptor%s after %s\n",
		    n, plural(n), "configuration");
	buffer += i;
	size -= i;

	/* Parse all the interface/altsetting descriptors */
	while (size > 0) {
		retval = usb_parse_interface(ddev, cfgno, config,    /* 解析接口配置描述符 */
		    buffer, size, inums, nalts);
		if (retval < 0)
			return retval;

		buffer += retval;
		size -= retval;
	}

解析的结果是配置可选项存储在inums[n]  数组中，且在设备端分配了足够的空间来存储在这些配置信息，为接口配置符解析做了充足的准备。

retval = usb_parse_interface(ddev, cfgno, config,    /* 解析接口配置描述符 */
		    buffer, size, inums, nalts);

先整理传进来的参数
ddev: 需要被解析的设备
cfgno:配置描述符的编号
config： 配置描述符
buffer：指向接口描述符的起始地址
size： 接口描述符的大小
inums：接口描述符个数数组
nalts：接口描述符对应的数组