组合模式又叫整体和部分模式,它创建了对象组的树形结构,将对象组合成树形结构以表示“整体和部分”的层次关系。组合模式属于结构形模式。
组合模式的角色:
1、抽象构件(Component)角色:这是一个抽象角色,它给参加组合的对象定义出公共的接口及其默认行为,可以用来管理所有的子对象。
2、树叶构件(Leaf)角色:叶子节点没有子节点
3、树枝构件(Composite)角色:树枝构件类给出所有的管理子对象的方法,如add()、remove()以及getChild()。
组合模式解决的问题:组合模式解决这样一个问题,就是我对树上的节点和叶子进行操作的时候,能提供一致性的方法,而不需要考虑操作的对象是节点还是叶子。当叶子和树枝有较大差异的时候,就不适合用组合模式。
案例
有一所大学,下面有学院、专业等机构,现在需要编程去表示各机构的关系,需要用到组合模式
Component角色
public abstract class OrganizationComponent {
private String name;
private String des;
protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent)
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public OrganizationComponent(String name, String des) {
this.name = name;
this.des = des;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDes() {
return des;
}
public void setDes(String des) {
this.des = des;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrganizationComponent{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", des='" + des + '\'' +
'}';
}
protected abstract void print();
}
树枝角色
//学校
public class University extends OrganizationComponent {
List<OrganizationComponent> organizationComponents=new ArrayList<>();
public University(String name, String des) {
super(name, des);
}
@Override
protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
organizationComponents.add(organizationComponent);
}
@Override
protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
organizationComponents.remove(organizationComponent);
}
@Override
protected void print() {
System.out.println("------"+getName()+"--------");
for(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent:organizationComponents){
organizationComponent.print();
}
}
//院系
public class College extends OrganizationComponent {
List<OrganizationComponent> organizationComponents=new ArrayList<>();
public College(String name, String des) {
super(name, des);
}
@Override
protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
organizationComponents.add(organizationComponent);
}
@Override
protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
organizationComponents.remove(organizationComponent);
}
@Override
protected void print() {
System.out.println("------"+getName()+"--------");
for(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent:organizationComponents){
organizationComponent.print();
}
}
}
叶子角色
//专业
public class Department extends OrganizationComponent {
public Department(String name, String des) {
super(name, des);
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return super.getName();
}
@Override
public String getDes() {
return super.getDes();
}
@Override
protected void print() {
System.out.println(getName());
}
}
客户端调用
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
OrganizationComponent university=new University("清华大学","顶级大学");
OrganizationComponent computerCollege=new College("计算机学院","计算机学院");
OrganizationComponent infoEngineerCollege=new College("信息工程学院","信息工程学院");
computerCollege.add(new Department("软件工程","软件工程"));
computerCollege.add(new Department("网络工程","网络工程"));
infoEngineerCollege.add(new Department("通信工程","通信工程"));
infoEngineerCollege.add(new Department("电子信息工程","电子信息工程"));
university.add(computerCollege);
university.add(infoEngineerCollege);
university.print();
}
}