C++pimpl惯用法(Point Implementation)

私有实现封装方法

1.实现一个CSocketClient的网络通讯类

SocketClient.h

class CSocketClient
{
public:
	CSocketClient();
	~CSocketClient();
public:
	bool Init();
private:
    void fun1();
private:
    //这里暴露了太多与实现细节相关的成员对象
	SOCKET			m_hSocket;
	short			m_nPort;
	char			m_szServer[64];
	long			m_nLastDataTime;
	long			m_nHeartbeatInterval;
}

SocketClient.c

#include "SocketClient.h"

CSocketClient::CSocketClient()
{
}

CSocketClient::~CSocketClient()
{
}

bool CSocketClient::Init()
{
	return false;
}

void CSocketClient::fun1()
{
}

将SocketClient.h提供给客户太过危险,考虑将私有对象和私有方法封装到impl中

2.封装私有对象和方法细节

SocketClient.h

class Impl;

class CSocketClient
{
public:
	CSocketClient();
	~CSocketClient();
public:
	bool Init();

private:
    Impl *m_Impl;
}

SocketClient.c

#include "SocketClient.h"

class Impl
{
public:
	Impl()
	{
		//@todo:
	}
 	~Impl()
	{
		//@todo:
	}   
public:
    void fun1();
public:
	SOCKET			m_hSocket;
	short			m_nPort;
	char			m_szServer[64];
	long			m_nLastDataTime;
	long			m_nHeartbeatInterval;
};

CSocketClient::CSocketClient()
{
    m_Impl = new Impl();
}

CSocketClient::~CSocketClient()
{
    delete m_Impl;
}

bool CSocketClient::Init()
{
	return false;
}
void CSocketClient::fun1()
{
}

隐藏原来CSocketClient的私有方法和私有变量封装到Impl类中，但Impl是CSocketClient的辅助类，没有独立存在的必要，所以将Impl类定义成CSocketClient类的内部类

3.将Impl封装为CSocketClient内部类

SocketClient.h

class CSocketClient
{
public:
	CSocketClient();
	~CSocketClient();
//省略重复代码
private:
    class Impl;
    Impl *m_Impl;
}

SocketClient.c

#include "SocketClient.h"

class CSocketClient:: Impl
{
public:
	void LoadConfig()
	{

	}
	void fun1();
public:
	SOCKET			m_hSocket;
	short			m_nPort;
	char			m_szServer[64];
	long			m_nLastDataTime;
	long			m_nHeartbeatInterval;
};

CSocketClient::CSocketClient()
{
    m_Impl = new Impl();
}

CSocketClient::~CSocketClient()
{
    delete m_Impl;
}

4.使用智能指针管理Impl对象

已经使用智能指针管理m_pImpl指向堆内存，所以在析构函数中不需要显示地释放堆内存。

提供给客户SocketClient.h，即使更改CSocketClient的私有方法或增加私有变量也不影响外部接口实现

SocketClient.h

class CSocketClient
{
public:
	CSocketClient();
	~CSocketClient();
public:
	bool Init();
private:
	class Impl;
	std::unique_ptr<Impl>	m_pImpl;		//智能指针
};

SocketClient.c

#include "SocketClient.h"
#include <memory>

class CSocketClient:: Impl
{
public:
	void LoadConfig();
	void fun1();
public:
	SOCKET			m_hSocket;
	short			m_nPort;
	char			m_szServer[64];
	long			m_nLastDataTime;
	long			m_nHeartbeatInterval;
};


CSocketClient::CSocketClient(): m_pImpl(std::make_unique<Impl>())	
{
	std::cout << "构造函数" << endl;
}

CSocketClient::~CSocketClient()
{
	std::cout << "析构函数" << endl;
}

bool CSocketClient::Init()
{
	return false;
}

void CSocketClient::Impl::LoadConfig()
{
}

void CSocketClient::Impl::fun1()
{
}