C++ Lambda 函数

Lambda Expressions

A lambda expression lets you define functions locally, at the place of the call, thereby eliminating much of the tedium and security risks that function objects incur. A lambda expression has the form:

[capture](parameters)->return-type {body}

The [] construct inside a function call’s argument list indicates the beginning of a lambda expression. Let’s see a lambda example.

Suppose you want to count how many uppercase letters a string contains. Using for_each() to traverses a char array, the following lambda expression determines whether each letter is in uppercase. For every uppercase letter it finds, the lambda expression increments Uppercase, a variable defined outside the lambda expression:

int main()
{
   char s[]="Hello World!";
   int Uppercase = 0; //modified by the lambda
   for_each(s, s+sizeof(s), [&Uppercase] (char c) {
    if (isupper(c))
     Uppercase++;
    });
 cout<< Uppercase<<" uppercase letters in: "<< s<<endl;
}
It’s as if you defined a function whose body is placed inside another function call. 
The ampersand in [&Uppercase] means that the lambda body gets a reference to Uppercase so it can modify it. 
Without the ampersand, Uppercase would be passed by value. C++11 lambdas include constructs for member functions as well.

[&Uppercase] 是捕获函数体内使用到的变量，变量前面加“&”是捕获引用即按引用传递，否则捕获变量即是按值传递
(char c) 是向函数传递的参数，同一般函数 f(char c)
{ } 是函数体，与一般函数体一样