二维码和URL的相互转换

用URL生成二维码，也可以通过二维码获取URL（可用于长按识别二维码）

#pragma mark - 二维码转换
// url生成二维码
+ (UIImage *)getQRCodeWithUrlString:(NSString *)urlStr size:(CGFloat)size
{
    // 1.创建过滤器
    CIFilter *filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIQRCodeGenerator"];
    // 2.恢复默认
    [filter setDefaults];
    // 3.给过滤器添加数据(正则表达式/账号和密码)
    NSData *data = [urlStr dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    [filter setValue:data forKeyPath:@"inputMessage"];
    // 4.获取输出的二维码
    CIImage *outputImage = [filter outputImage];
    // 5.将CIImage转换成UIImage，并放大显示
    CGRect extent = CGRectIntegral(outputImage.extent);
    CGFloat scale = MIN(size/CGRectGetWidth(extent), size/CGRectGetHeight(extent));
    // 5.1.创建bitmap
    size_t width = CGRectGetWidth(extent) * scale;
    size_t height = CGRectGetHeight(extent) * scale;
    CGColorSpaceRef cs = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceGray();
    CGContextRef bitmapRef = CGBitmapContextCreate(nil, width, height, 8, 0, cs, (CGBitmapInfo)kCGImageAlphaNone);
    CIContext *context = [CIContext contextWithOptions:nil];
    CGImageRef bitmapImage = [context createCGImage:outputImage fromRect:extent];
    CGContextSetInterpolationQuality(bitmapRef, kCGInterpolationNone);
    CGContextScaleCTM(bitmapRef, scale, scale);
    CGContextDrawImage(bitmapRef, extent, bitmapImage);
    // 5.2.保存bitmap到图片
    CGImageRef scaledImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(bitmapRef);
    CGContextRelease(bitmapRef);
    CGImageRelease(bitmapImage);
    return [UIImage imageWithCGImage:scaledImage];
}

/**
 *  从照片中直接识别二维码
 *  @param myQRCode    二维码包含的内容
 */
- (void)readQRCodeFromImageWithmyQRCode:(void(^)(NSString *qrString,NSError *error))myQRCode
{
    if (!self)
    {
        myQRCode(nil,[NSError errorWithDomain:@"未传入图片" code:0 userInfo:nil]);
        return;
    }
    
    CIContext *context = [CIContext contextWithOptions:nil];
    CIDetector *detector = [CIDetector detectorOfType:CIDetectorTypeQRCode context:context options:@{CIDetectorAccuracy:CIDetectorAccuracyHigh}];
    CIImage *image = [CIImage imageWithCGImage:self.CGImage];
    NSArray *features = [detector featuresInImage:image];
    if (features.count)
    {
        CIQRCodeFeature *feature = [features firstObject];
        
        NSString *result = feature.messageString;
        
        myQRCode(result,nil);
    }
    else
    {
        myQRCode(nil,[NSError errorWithDomain:@"未能识别出二维码" code:0 userInfo:nil]);
        return;
    }
}