Spring Cloud微服务解决方案⑥：Hystrix的使用

在一个分布式系统里，许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败，比如超时、异常等，如何能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，这个就是Hystrix需要做的事情。Hystrix类库提供了熔断、隔离、Fallback、cache、监控等功能，能够在一个、或多个依赖同时出现问题时保证系统依然可用。

 demo下载地址：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_22075041/10859685

Hystrix在ribbon中的简单应用在microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-with-hystrix模块里面

首先pom中添加依赖：

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--需要此监控依赖，不然启动不起来-->		
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

在启动类上面加一个注解：@EnableCircuitBreaker，然后在Controller中这样写：

package com.itmuch.cloud.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;

@RestController
public class MovieController {
  @Autowired
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
  //@HystrixCommand属性fallbackMethod中加一个方法叫findByIdFallback，这个方法必须存在，而且返回值要与源方法一致
  @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findByIdFallback")
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/simple/" + id, User.class);
  }
  //就是上面@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findByIdFallback")
  public User findByIdFallback(Long id) {
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(0L);
    return user;
  }
}

Hystrix隔离策略相关的参数execution.isolation.strategy设置 ，可以是THREAD或者SEMAPHORE，代码参考microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-with-hystrix-propagation模块，不配的话是隔离的俩个线程(用户线程、熔断器线程)，如果配置为THREAD，意思是运行在一个用户线程。代码如下：

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
  @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "findByIdFallback", commandProperties = @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.strategy", value = "THREAD"))
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/simple/" + id, User.class);
  }

  public User findByIdFallback(Long id) {
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(0L);
    return user;
  }

查看API监控(需要actuart包的依赖),：

        1.在项目启动的路径后面加一个/health。断路器在项目中状态

        2.在项目启动的路径后面加一个/health.stream。 监控参数(把这些数据图形化展示的方法在下面)

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前面我们讲过Feign了，那他怎么和Hystrix配合使用呢？代码参考：microservice-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix模块         @FeignClient注解的属性fallback，定义了一个HystrixClientFallback类，这个类需要实现UserFeignClient接口

package com.itmuch.cloud.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
  @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

package com.itmuch.cloud.feign;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

@Component
public class HystrixClientFallback implements UserFeignClient {

  @Override
  public User findById(Long id) {
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(0L);
    return user;
  }
}

是不是很简单，别忘了需要的依赖，启动类上面加注解哟。

        但是这时候我们要禁用单个FeignClient对Hystrix的支持，代码参考：microservice-consumer-movie-feign-customizing-without-hystrix模块。我们给FeignClient2类的的Configuration2中加入了如下配置：

  //禁用单个对Hystrix的支持
  @Bean
  @Scope("prototype")
  public Feign.Builder feignBuilder() {
    return Feign.builder();
  }

如果要禁用全部，在配置文件中加入：feign.hystrix.enabled=false

=======================================================

接下来我们来聊一下feign使用fallbackFactory属性打印fallback异常，代码参考模块在microservice-consumer-movie-feign-with-hystrix-hystrix-factory里面。

package com.itmuch.cloud.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

//fallback和fallbackFactory都使用的话fallbackFactory不起作用
@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", /*fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class, */fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFactory.class)
public interface UserFeignClient {
  @RequestMapping(value = "/simple/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

然后HystrixClientFactory要实现FallbackFactory<UserFeignClient>，其中UserFeignClientWithFactory是UserFeignClient的子接口

package com.itmuch.cloud.feign;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.itmuch.cloud.entity.User;

import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;

@Component
public class HystrixClientFactory implements FallbackFactory<UserFeignClient> {

  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HystrixClientFactory.class);

  @Override
  public UserFeignClient create(Throwable cause) {
    HystrixClientFactory.LOGGER.info("fallback; reason was: {}", cause.getMessage());
    return new UserFeignClientWithFactory() {
      @Override
      public User findById(Long id) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(-1L);
        return user;
      }
    };
  }
}

package com.itmuch.cloud.feign;

public interface UserFeignClientWithFactory extends UserFeignClient {

}

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Hystrix Dashboard(可视化化监控工具)的使用，代码参考microservice-hystrix-dashboard模块

pom中添加如下

<dependency>
	<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动类上加注解@EnableHystrixDashboard，然后启动项目，访问路径后面加上/hystrix看到如下界面：

然后把我们前面做过的一个服务地址输进去：

随便起个名字，点进去。就ok了，然后各个代表什么，请自行去官方文档看。。