Python np.where

np.where()

Parameters
    ----------
    condition : array_like, bool
        Where True, yield `x`, otherwise yield `y`.
    x, y : array_like
        Values from which to choose. `x`, `y` and `condition` need to be
        broadcastable to some shape.
    
    Returns
    -------
    out : ndarray
        An array with elements from `x` where `condition` is True, and elements
        from `y` elsewhere.

 例子：

>>> a = np.arange(10)
>>> a
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>> np.where(a < 5, a, 10*a)
array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90])
    
This can be used on multidimensional arrays too:
    
>>> np.where([[True, False], [True, True]],
...          [[1, 2], [3, 4]],
...          [[9, 8], [7, 6]])
array([[1, 8],
       [3, 4]])
    
The shapes of x, y, and the condition are broadcast together:
    
>>> x, y = np.ogrid[:3, :4]
>>> np.where(x < y, x, 10 + y)  # both x and 10+y are broadcast
array([[10,  0,  0,  0],
       [10, 11,  1,  1],
       [10, 11, 12,  2]])
    
>>> a = np.array([[0, 1, 2],
...               [0, 2, 4],
...               [0, 3, 6]])
>>> np.where(a < 4, a, -1)  # -1 is broadcast
array([[ 0,  1,  2],
       [ 0,  2, -1],
       [ 0,  3, -1]])