代码随想录训练营26day-贪心算法4

一、860 柠檬水找零

题目解析：注意一开始是没有零钱，也只会取5 10 20三类数字，因此从这3类数字出发，去判断。

1 如果是5元，那么直接收，five++；

2 如果是10元，那么需要five--，ten++，但是如果five本身就小于0，那么不可能找零成功，返回false；

3 如果是20元，这里需要看有多少种零钱找零方式：1）10元+5元组合； 2）5+5+5组合；首先需要消耗10元，因为5元可以兑换零钱方式更多，先把兑换方式少的减掉。

bool lemonadeChange(int* bills, int billsSize) {
    int five = 0, ten = 0, twenty = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < billsSize; i++)
    {
        if(bills[i] == 5)
        {
            five++;
        }
        else if(bills[i] == 10)
        {
            ten++;
            if(five > 0)
            {
                five--;
            }
            else
            {
                //five没有 无法找零
                return false;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(ten > 0 && five > 0)
            {
                ten--;
                five--;
            }
            else if(five >= 3)
            {
                five -=3;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

    }

    return true;
}

二、406 根据身高重建队列

题目要求重建队列，保证身高和前面的人数两个方面，需要从两个方面去拆分排序。

1 先考虑身高，从高到低，如果身高相同，那么k（人数）少的排前面。

2 排序k（人数）因为身高已经排序成功，所以需要考虑的是k值，把k插入对应的位置，这样people身高是排序的，只需要考虑k的位置，就满足了两个条件。

/**
 * Return an array of arrays of size *returnSize.
 * The sizes of the arrays are returned as *returnColumnSizes array.
 * Note: Both returned array and *columnSizes array must be malloced, assume caller calls free().
 */
void insert(int**arr, int size, int pos, int* val)
{
    int** tmp = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * size);
    
    int index = 0;
    for(int i = pos; i < size; i++)
    {
        tmp[index] = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
        tmp[index][0] = arr[i][0];
        tmp[index][1] = arr[i][1];
        index++;
    }
    //改值
    arr[pos][0] = val[0];
    arr[pos][1] = val[1];
    index = 0;
    for(int i = pos + 1; i < size; i++)
    {
        arr[i][0] = tmp[index][0];
        arr[i][1] = tmp[index][1];
        index++;
    }

    // for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
    // {
    //     printf("val = %d %d\n", arr[i][0], arr[i][1]);
    // }
}
void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
    int tmp_1 = a[0];
    int tmp_2 = a[1];

    a[0] = b[0];
    a[1] = b[1];

    b[0] = tmp_1;
    b[1] = tmp_2;
}
int** reconstructQueue(int** people, int peopleSize, int* peopleColSize, int* returnSize, int** returnColumnSizes) {
    *returnSize = peopleSize;
    *returnColumnSizes = (int*)malloc(peopleSize * sizeof(int));
    //先排列身高
    for(int i = 0; i < peopleSize - 1; i++)
    {
        for(int j = i + 1; j < peopleSize; j++)
        {
            if(people[j][0] == people[i][0])
            {
                if(people[j][1] < people[i][1])
                {
                    // int tmp_1 = people[j][0];
                    // int tmp_2 = people[j][1];

                    // people[j][0] = people[i][0];
                    // people[j][1] = people[i][1];
        
                    // people[i][0] = tmp_1;
                    // people[i][1] = tmp_2;
                    swap(people[j], people[i]);
                }
            }
            else if(people[j][0] > people[i][0])
            {
                // int tmp_1 = people[j][0];
                // int tmp_2 = people[j][1];

                // people[j][0] = people[i][0];
                // people[j][1] = people[i][1];
    
                // people[i][0] = tmp_1;
                // people[i][1] = tmp_2;
                swap(people[j], people[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    //再查看 k值
    int** queue = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * peopleSize);

    for(int i = 0; i < peopleSize; i++)
    {
       queue[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
       queue[i][0] = people[i][0];
       queue[i][1] = people[i][1];
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < peopleSize; i++)
    {
        (*returnColumnSizes)[i] = 2;
        //printf("%d -> pepeple %d %d\n", i, people[i][0], people[i][1]);
        insert(queue, peopleSize, people[i][1], people[i]);
    }

    return queue;
}

三、452. 用最少数量的箭引爆气球

题目分析：用最少的箭引爆气球，主要是考虑重叠情况，如果重叠区间越多，那么使用的箭数量越少，利用排序 + 贪心算法：

void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
    int tmp_1 = a[0];
    int tmp_2 = a[1];

    a[0] = b[0];
    a[1] = b[1];

    b[0] = tmp_1;
    b[1] = tmp_2;
}

int findMinArrowShots(int** points, int pointsSize, int* pointsColSize){
    *pointsColSize = 2;
    if(pointsSize == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = 1;
    //按照左边界排序
    for(int i = 0; i < pointsSize - 1; i++)
    {
        for(int j = i + 1; j < pointsSize; j++)
        {
            if(points[j][0] < points[i][0])
            {
               swap(points[i], points[j]);
            }
        } 
    }
 
    for(int i = 1; i < pointsSize; i++)
    {
        if(points[i][0] > points[i -1][1])
        {
            result++;
        }
        else
        {
            points[i][1] = points[i][1] < points[i -1][1]? points[i][1] : points[i - 1][1];//最小右边界
        }
    }
    return result;
}

上面的code在LeetCode上面会超时，分析了下，应该是排序算法导致的，因此参考快排的算法：

void swap(int* a, int* b)
{
    int tmp_1 = a[0];
    int tmp_2 = a[1];

    a[0] = b[0];
    a[1] = b[1];

    b[0] = tmp_1;
    b[1] = tmp_2;
}
int Partition(int **points, int low, int high){     // 从小到大排序
    int base = points[low][0];
    int index = points[low][1];
    int left,right;
    while(low < high){
        while(low < high && points[high][0] >= base){
            high--;
        }
        left = points[low][0];
        right = points[low][1];
        points[low][0] = points[high][0];
        points[low][1] = points[high][1];
        points[high][0] = left;
        points[high][1] = right;        
        while(low < high && points[low][0] <= base){
            low++;
        }
        left = points[low][0];
        right = points[low][1];
        points[low][0] = points[high][0];
        points[low][1] = points[high][1];
        points[high][0] = left;
        points[high][1] = right;
    }
    return low;
}
void QuickSort(int **points, int low, int high){
    if(low < high){
        int base = Partition(points,low,high);
        QuickSort(points,low,base - 1);
        QuickSort(points, base + 1, high);
    }
}

int findMinArrowShots(int** points, int pointsSize, int* pointsColSize){
    *pointsColSize = 2;
    if(pointsSize == 0)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    int result = 1;
    //按照左边界排序
    // for(int i = 0; i < pointsSize - 1; i++)
    // {
    //     for(int j = i + 1; j < pointsSize; j++)
    //     {
    //         if(points[j][0] < points[i][0])
    //         {
    //            swap(points[i], points[j]);
    //         }
    //     } 
    // }
    QuickSort(points, 0 , pointsSize - 1);//左闭右闭区间
    for(int i = 1; i < pointsSize; i++)
    {
        if(points[i][0] > points[i -1][1])//如果当前的左边超过了上一个的右边边界，不重叠
        {
            result++;
        }
        else//找到重叠区间最小右边界
        {
            points[i][1] = points[i][1] < points[i -1][1]? points[i][1] : points[i - 1][1];//最小右边界
        }
    }
    return result;
}