Android必学-异步加载（一阶段）

最新推荐文章于 2018-06-01 00:14:15 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2018-06-01 00:14:15 发布

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分类专栏：实战学习文章标签： android 异步加载

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22804827/article/details/50603824

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课程网址：http://www.imooc.com/learn/406

这次所学的课程，以从http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher?type=4&num=30上获取JSON格式的数据然后放到ListView来，其中用将从上述网址中下载的图片设置到ListView的item中来演示异步加载。

包括多线程和AsyncTask两种方式实现异步加载。

1.ImageLoader 用来加载图片

public class ImageLoader {  
private ImageView mImageView;
    private String mUrl;

    //因为在getView中每次都new一个ImageLoader实例，因此都有一个新的 handler成员变量，
    //所以尽管handleMessage是在主线程中进行，且handleMessage中用了ImageLoader实例mImageView和mUrl
    //但是bitmap中的bitmap会与正确的mImageView和mUrl对应，不会因为多线程而发生错乱
    private Handler handler=new Handler() {

        @Override
         public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
            if (mImageView.getTag().equals(mUrl)) {
                mImageView.setImageBitmap((Bitmap) msg.obj);
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * 使用多线程实现异步加载
     * @param iv
     * @param url
     */
    public void showImageByThread(final ImageView iv, final String url) {
        mImageView = iv;
        mUrl = url;

        new Thread() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromURL(url);
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.obj = bitmap;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }.start();      
    }
    private class ViewHolder {
        public ImageView iv;
        public String url;
        public Bitmap bm;
    }

    /**
     * 使用AsyncTask实现异步加载,showImageByAsyncTask自身是在主线程当中的
     * @param iv
     * @param url
     */
    public void showImageByAsyncTask(final ImageView iv,final String url) {
        new LoadingAsyncTask(iv, url).execute(url);
    }

    private class LoadingAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, Bitmap> {
        private ImageView imageView;
        private String url;

        public LoadingAsyncTask(ImageView iv,String url) {
            imageView=iv;
            this.url=url;
        }

        @Override
        protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
            return getBitmapFromURL(params[0]);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
            if (imageView.getTag().equals(url)) {
                imageView.setImageBitmap(result);
            }
        }
    }

    public Bitmap getBitmapFromURL(String urlString) {
        Bitmap bm=null;
        InputStream is=null;
        try {
            URL url=new URL(urlString);
            HttpURLConnection connection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            is=new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
            bm=BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
            connection.disconnect();//释放资源
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return bm;
    }
}

2.CopyOfNewsAdapter 自定义的适配器

public class CopyOfNewsAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
    private List<NewsBean> mList;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;

    public CopyOfNewsAdapter(Context context,List<NewsBean> data) {
        mList=data;
        mInflater=LayoutInflater.from(context);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return mList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder viewHolder=null;
        if(convertView==null) {
            viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
            convertView=mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item_layout, null);
            viewHolder.icon=(ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_icon);
            viewHolder.title=(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_tv_title);
            viewHolder.content=(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_tv_content);
            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        }
        else {
            viewHolder=(ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.icon.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
        String url=mList.get(position).newsIconUrl;
        viewHolder.icon.setTag(url);
        new ImageLoader().showImageByAsyncTask(viewHolder.icon, url); //利用AsyncTask实现异步加载
//      new ImageLoader().showImageByThread(viewHolder.icon, url); //利用多线程实现异步加载
        viewHolder.title.setText(mList.get(position).newsTitle);
        viewHolder.content.setText(mList.get(position).newsContent);
        return convertView;
    }

    class ViewHolder {
        public ImageView icon;
        public TextView title,content;
    }
}

3.NewsBean

public class NewsBean {
    public String newsIconUrl;//图片的网址
    public String newsTitle;
    public String newsContent;
}

4.MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private ListView mListView;
    private static final String URL = "http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher?type=4&num=30";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.id_listView);
        new NewsAsyncTask().execute(URL);
    }

    /**
     * AsyncTask 是一个抽象类，所以如果我们想使用它，就必须要创建一个子类去继承它。 在继承时我们可以为AsyncTask 类指定三个泛型参数
     * Params 在执行AsyncTask 时需要传入的参数，可用于在后台任务中使用 Progress
     * 后台任务执行时，如果需要在界面上显示当前的进度，则使用这里指定的泛型作为进度单位 Result
     * 当任务执行完毕后，如果需要对结果进行返回，则使用这里指定的泛型作为返回值类型。
     * 
     * 实现网络的异步访问 在这里String代表的是请求的网址
     */
    private class NewsAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, List<NewsBean>> {

        @Override
        protected List<NewsBean> doInBackground(String... params) {
            return getJsonDatas(params[0]);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(List<NewsBean> result) {
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            NewsAdapter newsAdapter = new NewsAdapter(MainActivity.this, result);
            mListView.setAdapter(newsAdapter);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将url对应的JSON格式数据幻化为NewsBean
     * 
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    private List<NewsBean> getJsonDatas(String url) {
        List<NewsBean> newsBeanList = new ArrayList<NewsBean>();
        try {
            String jsonString = readStream(new URL(url).openStream());
            // new
            // URL(url).openStream()与url.openConnection().getInputStream()相同，可根据URL直接获取网络数据，返回值为InputStream

            // Log.d("测试", jsonString);

            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(jsonString);
            JSONArray jsonArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("data");
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                NewsBean newsBean = new NewsBean();
                newsBean.newsIconUrl = jsonObject.getString("picSmall");
                newsBean.newsTitle = jsonObject.getString("name");
                newsBean.newsContent = jsonObject.getString("description");
                newsBeanList.add(newsBean);
                // Log.d("测试","["+newsBean.newsTitle+"\n"+newsBean.newsContent+"\n"+newsBean.newsIconUrl+"]");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return newsBeanList;
    }

    /**
     * 解析网页网页返回的数据
     * 
     * @param is
     * @return
     */
    private String readStream(InputStream is) {
        String result = "";// 这里不把result赋值为null,因为在下面要进行result += line
        InputStreamReader isr = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "utf-8");// 字节流转换为字符流
            String line = null;
            br = new BufferedReader(isr);
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                isr.close();
                br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}

然后是布局文件：

1.activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/id_listView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:divider="#ffff"
        android:dividerHeight="2px" >
    </ListView>

</RelativeLayout>

2.ListView的item的布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:padding="4dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/id_icon"
        android:layout_width="64dp"
        android:layout_height="64dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />

    <LinearLayout 
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingLeft="4dp"
        android:gravity="center">

        <TextView 
            android:id="@+id/id_tv_title"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Title"
            android:maxLines="1"
            android:textSize="15sp"/>

        <TextView 
            android:id="@+id/id_tv_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="Content"
            android:maxLines="3"
            android:textSize="10sp" />

    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>