1.特性
- 复数类应该具有的操作
- 运算:+,-,*,/
- 比较:==,!=
- 赋值:=
- 求模:modulus
- 利用操作符重载
- 统一复数与实数的运算方式
- 统一复数与实数的比较方式
Complex operator+(const Complex &c);
Complex operator-(const Complex &c);
Complex operator*(const Complex &c);
Complex operator/(const Complex &c);
bool operator==(const Complex &c);
bool operator!=(const Complex &c);
Complex& operator=(const Complex &c);
//在对象需要使用这些操作符时,会使用这些操作符
2、编程实验
- 复数类的实现
- Complex.h
#include "Complex.h"
#include "math.h"
Complex::Complex(double a, double b)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
return sqrt(a*a + b * b);
}
Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex &c)
{
double na = a + c.a;
double nb = b + c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex &c)
{
double na = a - c.a;
double nb = b - c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator*(const Complex &c)
{
double na = a * c.a - b * c.b;
double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator/(const Complex &c)
{
double cm = c.a*c.a + c.b*c.b;
double na = (a*c.a + b * c.b) / cm;
double nb = (b*c.a - a * c.b) / cm;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator==(const Complex &c)
{
return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b);
}
bool Complex::operator!=(const Complex &c)
{
return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator=(const Complex &c)
{
if (this != &c)
{
a = c.a;
b = c.b;
}
return *this;
}
- Complex.c
#include "Complex.h"
#include "math.h"
Complex::Complex(double a, double b)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
return sqrt(a*a + b * b);
}
Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex &c)
{
double na = a + c.a;
double nb = b + c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex& c)
{
double na = a - c.a;
double nb = b - c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator*(const Complex &c)
{
double na = a * c.a - b * c.b;
double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator/(const Complex& c)
{
double cm = c.a*c.a + c.b*c.b;
double na = (a*c.a + b * c.b) / cm;
double nb = (b*c.a - a * c.b) / cm;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator==(const Complex &c)
{
return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b);
}
bool Complex::operator!=(const Complex &c)
{
return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator=(const Complex &c)
{
if (this != &c)
{
a = c.a;
b = c.b;
}
return *this;
}
- main.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include "Complex.h"
int main()
{
Complex c1(1, 2);
Complex c2(3, 6);
Complex c3 = c2 - c1;
Complex c4 = c1 * c3;
Complex c5 = c2 / c1;
printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
printf("c4.a = %f, c4.b = %f\n", c4.getA(), c4.getB());
printf("c5.a = %f, c5.b = %f\n", c5.getA(), c5.getB());
Complex c6(2, 4);
printf("c3 == c6 : %d\n", c3 == c6);
printf("c3 != c4 : %d\n", c3 != c4);
(c3 = c2) = c1;
printf("c1.a = %f, c1.b = %f\n", c1.getA(), c1.getB());
printf("c2.a = %f, c2.b = %f\n", c2.getA(), c2.getB());
printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
return 0;
}
- 运行结果
- 仔细观察
this
指针的灵活使用
3.注意事项
- C++规定赋值操作符(=)只能重载为成员函数
- 操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级
- 操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数
- 操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义
4.总结
- 复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现
- 复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现
- 赋值操作符只能通过成员函数实现
- 操作符重载的本质为函数定义