一、完善的复数类:
在上一篇文章里面我们已经提到了操作符重载的概念和使用,同时也举例了一个数学里面的复数操作,从一开始使用友元到使用操作符重载全局函数,再到使用操作符重载类成员函数,这样一步步演变而成我们最终实现了复数的实部加实部,虚部加虚部;而且当时我们只讲解了一个操作重载符“+”,所以为了完善学习体系,咋们今天继续把剩下的操作重载符总结完,以免知识体系零零散散。那么复数完善的操作符还有那些呢,其实很简单就能能想到,和对数学里面的实数操作一样,加减乘除肯定是少不了嘛,下面是汇总的操作符总结:
运算:+、-、*、/
比较:==、!=
赋值:=
求模:modulus
2、各操作符重载的形式:
Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
Complex operator / (const Complex& c);
bool operator == (const Complex& c);
bool operator != (const Complex& c);
Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
代码实现:
test.h头文件:
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_
#define _COMPLEX_H_
class Complex
{
double a;
double b;
public:
Complex(double a = 0, double b = 0);
double getA();
double getB();
double getModulus();
Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
Complex operator / (const Complex& c);
bool operator == (const Complex& c);
bool operator != (const Complex& c);
Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
};
#endif
test.cpp文件:
#include "Complex.h"
#include "math.h"
Complex::Complex(double a, double b)
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
return sqrt(a * a + b * b);
}
Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a + c.a;
double nb = b + c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a - c.a;
double nb = b - c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a * c.a - b * c.b; //实部相加
double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a; //虚部相加
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c)
{
double cm = c.a * c.a + c.b * c.b;
double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b) / cm;
double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b) / cm;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c)
{
return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b);
}
bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c)
{
return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c)
{
if( this != &c )
{
a = c.a;
b = c.b;
}
return *this;
}
main.cpp文件:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "Complex.h"
int main()
{
Complex c1(1, 2);
Complex c2(3, 6);
Complex c3 = c2 - c1;
Complex c4 = c1 * c3;
Complex c5 = c2 / c1;
printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
printf("c4.a = %f, c4.b = %f\n", c4.getA(), c4.getB());
printf("c5.a = %f, c5.b = %f\n", c5.getA(), c5.getB());
Complex c6(2, 4);
printf("c3 == c6 : %d\n", c3 == c6);
printf("c3 != c4 : %d\n", c3 != c4);
(c3 = c2) = c1;
printf("c1.a = %f, c1.b = %f\n", c1.getA(), c1.getB());
printf("c2.a = %f, c2.b = %f\n", c2.getA(), c2.getB());
printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
return 0;
}
运行结果:
root@txp-virtual-machine:/home/txp/tt# ./a.out
c3.a = 2.000000, c3.b = 4.000000
c4.a = -6.000000, c4.b = 8.000000
c5.a = 3.000000, c5.b = 0.000000
c3 == c6 : 1
c3 != c4 : 1
c1.a = 1.000000, c1.b = 2.000000
c2.a = 3.000000, c2.b = 6.000000
c3.a = 1.000000, c3.b = 2.000000
上面设计到一些数学知识,比如复数的乘法和除法运算:
乘法:(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac-bd)+(bc+ad)i
除法:(a+bi)/(c+di) =(ac+bd)/c*c+d*d +(bc-ad)/c*c +d*d
3、注意事项:
C++规定赋值操作符"="只能重载为成员函数
操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级
操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数
操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义
二、总结:
复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现
复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现
赋值操作符只能通过成员函数实现
操作符重载的本质为函数定义
好了,今天的分享就到这里,如果文章中有错误或者不理解的地方,可以交流互动,一起进步。我是txp,下期见!