深入浅出MySQL(1)

创建一个数据库test1：

mysql> create database test1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

查询系统中有哪些数据库:

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test1              |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.23 sec)

都是一些内置数据库。接下来选择要操作的数据库,并查看数据表:

mysql> use test1
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.02 sec)

数据表为空，查看一下内置数据库mysql中的表:

mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| engine_cost               |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
31 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这个数据库存储的是系统的用户权限信息。
删除数据库:

mysql> drop database test1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

在数据库中创建一张表的语法是:
CREATE TABLE tablename(column_name_1 column_type_1 constraints,column_name_2 column_type_2 constraints, ……column_name_n column_type_n constraints).
创建一个表emp,有3个字段，ename,hiredate,sal,类型为varchar(10),date,int(2):

mysql> create table emp(ename varchar(10),hiredate date,sal decimal(10,2),deptno int(2));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.34 sec)

查看表的定义:

mysql> DESC emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(10)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

查看表比较全面的定义信息:

mysql> show create table emp \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Table: emp
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `ename` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hiredate` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `sal` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `deptno` int(2) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

使用alter table 更改表结构语法:
ALTER TABLE tablename MODIFY[COLUM]column_definition[FIRST | AFTER col_name]
如将emp字段的ename varchar(10)修改:

mysql> alter table emp modify ename varchar(20);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

表中增加字段的语法:
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD[COLUM]column_definition[FIRST | AFTER col_name]
如增加字段age:

mysql> alter table emp add column age int(3);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.73 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age      | int(3)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除表字段语法:
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP[COLUM] column_name

mysql> alter table emp drop column age;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

给字段重命名的语法:
ALTER TABLE tablename CHANGE[COLUM]old_col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]

mysql> alter table emp change age age1 int(4);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age1     | int(4)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改字段排列顺序,将birth 加载ename之后:

mysql> alter table emp add birth date after ename;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth    | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age1     | int(4)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将age1排在最前面:

mysql> alter table emp modify age1 int(3) first;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.63 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc emp;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| age1     | int(3)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| ename    | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth    | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| hiredate | date          | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sal      | decimal(10,2) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| deptno   | int(2)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改表名：

mysql> alter table emp rename emp1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

以上都是简单的DDL语句。