Android界面启动流程(一)

目的：深入分析setContentView方法传入布局文件id，到底做了什么

setContentView方法内部：

public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

调用了getWindow()的setContentView方法

public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }

getWindow返回一个Window 对象

/**
 * Abstract base class for a top-level window look and behavior policy.  An
 * instance of this class should be used as the top-level view added to the
 * window manager. It provides standard UI policies such as a background, title
 * area, default key processing, etc.
 *
 * <p>The only existing implementation of this abstract class is
 * android.view.PhoneWindow, which you should instantiate when needing a
 * Window.
 */
public abstract class Window {

Window 对象的注释：The only existing implementation of this abstract class is android.view.PhoneWindow。只有一个实现类，就是PhoneWindow，所以就是调用了PhoneWindow的setContentView方法

// This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
    private DecorView mDecor;

    // This is the view in which the window contents are placed. It is either
    // mDecor itself, or a child of mDecor where the contents go.
    ViewGroup mContentParent;

 @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
        mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
    }

一开始mContentParent 为空，PhoneWindow会调用installDecor方法

private void installDecor() {
        mForceDecorInstall = false;
        if (mDecor == null) {
            mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
            if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
                mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
            }
        } else {
            mDecor.setWindow(this);
        }
  ...
    }

mDecor 为空，调用generateDecor方法

protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
        // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
        // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
        // activity.
        Context context;
        if (mUseDecorContext) {
            Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext();
            if (applicationContext == null) {
                context = getContext();
            } else {
                context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, getContext());
                if (mTheme != -1) {
                    context.setTheme(mTheme);
                }
            }
        } else {
            context = getContext();
        }
        return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
    }

其中实例化了一个DecorView对象

DecorView(Context context, int featureId, PhoneWindow window,
            WindowManager.LayoutParams params) {
        super(context);
        mFeatureId = featureId;

        mShowInterpolator = AnimationUtils.loadInterpolator(context,
                android.R.interpolator.linear_out_slow_in);
        mHideInterpolator = AnimationUtils.loadInterpolator(context,
                android.R.interpolator.fast_out_linear_in);

        mBarEnterExitDuration = context.getResources().getInteger(
                R.integer.dock_enter_exit_duration);
        mForceWindowDrawsStatusBarBackground = context.getResources().getBoolean(
                R.bool.config_forceWindowDrawsStatusBarBackground)
                && context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= N;
        mSemiTransparentStatusBarColor = context.getResources().getColor(
                R.color.system_bar_background_semi_transparent, null /* theme */);

        updateAvailableWidth();

        setWindow(window);

        updateLogTag(params);

        mResizeShadowSize = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(
                R.dimen.resize_shadow_size);
        initResizingPaints();
    }

通过setWindow(window)将DecorView与PhoneWindow绑定。之后继续回到PhoneWindow的installDecor方法，对mContentParent进行了判空

private void installDecor() {
        ...

        if (mContentParent == null) {
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);

            // Set up decor part of UI to ignore fitsSystemWindows if appropriate.
            mDecor.makeOptionalFitsSystemWindows();

            final DecorContentParent decorContentParent = (DecorContentParent) mDecor.findViewById(
                    R.id.decor_content_parent);

            ...
        }
    }

调用generateLayout方法并复制给mContentParent

protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        ...
       // Inflate the window decor.

        int layoutResource;
        int features = getLocalFeatures();
        // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
            setCloseOnSwipeEnabled(true);
        } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
            if (mIsFloating) {
                TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
                getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                        R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
                layoutResource = res.resourceId;
            } else {
                layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
            }
            // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
            removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
            // System.out.println("Title Icons!");
        } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0
                && (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) {
            // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
            // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress;
            // System.out.println("Progress!");
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
            // Special case for a window with a custom title.
            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
            if (mIsFloating) {
                TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
                getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                        R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
                layoutResource = res.resourceId;
            } else {
                layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title;
            }
            // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
            removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
            // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
            if (mIsFloating) {
                TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
                getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
                        R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
                layoutResource = res.resourceId;
            } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) {
                layoutResource = a.getResourceId(
                        R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout,
                        R.layout.screen_action_bar);
            } else {
                layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;
            }
            // System.out.println("Title!");
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) {
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode;
        } else {
            // Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
            layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple;
            // System.out.println("Simple!");
        }

        mDecor.startChanging();
        mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);

        ...
    }

调用getLocalFeatures来判断加载什么样的基础布局，我们看一个最简单的布局里是怎么写的

R.layout.screen_simple

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
              android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="wrap_content"
              android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
    <FrameLayout
         android:id="@android:id/content"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
         android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
         android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>

然后调用mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource)方法加载基础布局，加载xml生成控件的方法(inflater.inflate)以后会介绍

void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) {
        ...

        mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater);
        final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
        if (mDecorCaptionView != null) {
            if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) {
                addView(mDecorCaptionView,
                        new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
            }
            mDecorCaptionView.addView(root,
                    new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        } else {

            // Put it below the color views.
            addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        }
        mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root;

        ...
    }

回到generateLayout方法

/**
     * The ID that the main layout in the XML layout file should have.
     */
    public static final int ID_ANDROID_CONTENT = com.android.internal.R.id.content;

    protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        ...

        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }

        ...

        return contentParent;
    }

发现findViewById了一个ViewGroup，并返回了出去，ID_ANDROID_CONTENT 就是基础布局中的FrameLayout的id，所以installDecor方法中的mContentParent接受的就是这个FrameLayout

DecorView的初始化过程就先介绍到这，总结来说，PhoneWindow的setContentView方法中先对DecorView初始化，并将mContentParent赋值为DecorView中id为com.android.internal.R.id.content的控件，也是requestFeature要在setContentView之前调用的原因,因为setContentView方法会调用getLocalFeatures来判断加载什么样的基础布局，setContentView方法之后调用requestFeature将没有效果

1_Activity加载UI-类图关系和视图结构.png