实现string类

1 char字符串以'/0'结尾，但是strlen()时它不占大小，cout时它也不会输出来

 

2 new出来的char[]大小一定要满足操作，否则操作越界，delete时出错

  new出来的指针移动了，delete也会出错

 

3 模板函数的声明和定义要放在同一个文件里，默认放在头文件

strings.h:

 

#pragma once
#include<string>

class strings
{
public:
	strings();
	strings(const char* s);
	strings(const strings & other);  //拷贝构造函数
	strings(int n, char c);			 //常见一个包含n个字符为c的对象
	strings(const char* s, int n);   //将字符串初始化为s的前n个字符，即使已经到了串尾
	template<class T>
	strings(const T ptr1, const T ptr2);//用一个数组内的两个指针构造对象
	int size();
	strings& operator=(const strings& other);
	strings operator+(const strings& other);
	bool operator==(const strings& other);
	char operator[] (int index);
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const strings& str);
	virtual ~strings();
private:
	char* date;
	int datelength;
};

template<class T>
strings::strings(const T ptr1, const T ptr2)
{
	T temp = ptr1;
	int size = sizeof(*ptr1);
	datelength = strlen(ptr1) - strlen(ptr2);
	date = new char[datelength + 1];
	int i = 0;
	for (temp; temp<ptr2; temp += size)
	{
		date[i++] = *temp;
	}
	date[datelength] = '\0';
}

 

 

strings.cpp

 

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "strings.h"
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
strings::strings() //默认构造空字符串，'\0'不占长度
{
	datelength = 0;
	date = new char[1];
	*date = '\0';
}

strings::strings(const char* s)
{
	if (!s)	//如果s为nullptr，则会为其初始化为空字符串，即以'\0'结尾
	{
		datelength = 0;
		date = new char[1];
		*date = '\0';
	}
	else
	{
		datelength = strlen(s);
		date = new char[datelength+1];//最后空间放'\0'
		strcpy(date, s);
	}
}

strings::strings(const strings & other) //other字符串已经被初始化，因此不可能为nullptr，不需要判断为空
{
	datelength = other.datelength;
	date = new char[datelength + 1];
	strcpy(date, other.date);
}

strings::strings(int n, char c)
{
	datelength = n;
	date = new char[datelength + 1];
	for (int i = 0; i < datelength; i++)
		date[i] = c;
	date[datelength] = '\0'; //不能是date[datelength+1]，否则越界，析构时出错
}

strings::strings(const char* s, int n)
{
	datelength = n;
	date = new char[datelength + 1];
	strncpy(date, s, n);
	date[datelength] = '\0';
}

strings& strings::operator=(const strings& other)
{
	if (this->date == other.date)
		return *this;
	delete[] date;
	datelength = other.datelength;
	date = new char[datelength + 1];
	strcpy(date, other.date);
	return *this;
}

strings strings::operator+(const strings& other)
{
	strings temp;
	datelength = this->datelength + other.datelength;
	temp.datelength = datelength; //大小别忘了更新，否则后面赋值的时候越界
	temp.date = new char[temp.datelength + 1];
	strcpy(temp.date, date);
	strcat(temp.date, other.date);//要保证目标字符串由足够空间
	return temp; 		//这里要注意，它返回的是临时对象，因此函数返回值不能为引用
}

bool strings::operator==(const strings& other)
{
	if (this->datelength != other.datelength)
		return false;
	else
		return strcmp(this->date, other.date) ? false : true;
}

char strings::operator[] (int index)
{
	if (index >= 0 && index < this->datelength)
		return this->date[index];
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const strings&  str)
{
	out << str.date;
	return out;
}



strings::~strings()
{
	if (this->date)
	{
		delete []  this->date;
		this->date= nullptr;
	}
}

main函数：

 

 

// String.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include"strings.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>

using namespace std;

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	strings a;
	cout << "默认构造函数： " << a << endl;

	strings b("zhang");
	cout << "字符串构造： " << b << endl;

	strings c(b);
	cout << "拷贝构造函数： " << c << endl;

	strings d(5, '6');
	cout << "构造由5个‘6’组成的对象： " << d << endl;

	char *str= "123456";
	strings e(str, 3);
	cout << "用字符串的前3个字符构造对象： " << e<< endl;
	
	a = b;
	cout << "赋值号重载：" << a << endl;
	
	bool result = (a == b);
	cout << "等于号重载：" << result << endl;
	
	a = a + b;
	cout << "加号重载：" << a << endl;
	
	cout << "大小："<<a.size() << endl;

	char* ss = "123456";
	strings bb(&ss[0], &ss[3]);
	cout << "用字符串的两个指针构造对象：" << bb << endl;
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}