C++ push_back() 和emplace_back() 用法区别

push_bach():

首先调用构造函数构造一个临时对象，然后在容器尾部区域利用这个临时对象进行拷贝构造，最后释放临时变量。

emplace_back():

这个元素原地构造，不需要触发拷贝构造和转移构造。

详细测试见代码：

#include<iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class test
{
public:
	int id;
	test() :id(0)
	{
		cout << "默认构造" << endl;
	};
	test(int n) :id(n)
	{
		cout << "带参构造" << endl;
	};
	test(const test& rhs)
	{
		this->id = rhs.id;
		cout << "拷贝构造" << endl;
	}
	test(const test&& rhs) noexcept
	{
		this->id = rhs.id;
		cout << "移动拷贝构造" << endl;
	}
	test& operator=(const test& rhs)
	{
		this->id = rhs.id;
		cout << "赋值构造" << endl;
	}
	test&& operator=(const test&& rhs)  noexcept
	{
		this->id = rhs.id;
		cout << "移动赋值构造" << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{
	test test1(1);
	test test2(2);
	vector<test> v;
	v.reserve(20);   //提前准备好空间

	cout << "push_back(test1)" << endl;    //都是拷贝构造
	v.push_back(test1);
	cout << "push_back(test2)" << endl;
	v.emplace_back(test2);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "push_back(1)" << endl;
	v.push_back(1);						//push_back先用参数1生成临时对象，然后在进行移动拷贝构造
	cout << "push_back(2)" << endl;
	v.emplace_back(2);                  //emplace_back直接利用参数1进行带参构造
	cout << endl;

	cout << "push_back(move(test1))" << endl;     //移动赋值两者都一样
	v.push_back(move(test1));
	cout << "emplace_back(move(test2))" << endl;
	v.emplace_back(move(test2));
	cout << endl;

}

测试结果：