Linux的uart驱动小结

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 22:19:03 发布

DylanHe215

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-17 22:19:03 发布

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分类专栏：日常工作小结文章标签： linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24601427/article/details/125799627

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本文深入剖析了Linux内核中的串口驱动关键结构体，包括`uart_driver`、`uart_port`和`uart_ops`，详细解释了它们的成员变量及其作用。同时介绍了注册和注销串口驱动的函数，如`uart_register_driver`和`uart_unregister_driver`，以及管理单个端口的函数。内容侧重于理解串口通信在内核层面的实现细节。

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关键结构体

uart_driver 、uart_port 、uart_ops
在这里插入图片描述

#include <linux/serial_core.h>
struct uart_driver {
	struct module		*owner;
	const char		*driver_name;
	const char		*dev_name;
	int			 major;
	int			 minor;
	int			 nr;
	struct console		*cons;
	/*
	 * these are private; the low level driver should not
	 * touch these; they should be initialised to NULL
	 */
	struct uart_state	*state;
	struct tty_driver	*tty_driver;
};

struct uart_port {
	spinlock_t		lock;			/* port lock */
	unsigned long		iobase;			/* in/out[bwl] */
	unsigned char __iomem	*membase;		/* read/write[bwl] */
	unsigned int		(*serial_in)(struct uart_port *, int);
	void			(*serial_out)(struct uart_port *, int, int);
	void			(*set_termios)(struct uart_port *,
				               struct ktermios *new,
				               struct ktermios *old);
	void			(*set_ldisc)(struct uart_port *,
					     struct ktermios *);
	unsigned int		(*get_mctrl)(struct uart_port *);
	void			(*set_mctrl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int);
	int			(*startup)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*shutdown)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*throttle)(struct uart_port *port);
	void			(*unthrottle)(struct uart_port *port);
	int			(*handle_irq)(struct uart_port *);
	void			(*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state,
				      unsigned int old);
	void			(*handle_break)(struct uart_port *);
	int			(*rs485_config)(struct uart_port *,
						struct serial_rs485 *rs485);
	unsigned int		irq;			/* irq number */
	unsigned long		irqflags;		/* irq flags  */
	unsigned int		uartclk;		/* base uart clock */
	unsigned int		fifosize;		/* tx fifo size */
	unsigned char		x_char;			/* xon/xoff char */
	unsigned char		regshift;		/* reg offset shift */
	unsigned char		iotype;			/* io access style */
	unsigned char		quirks;			/* internal quirks */

#define UPIO_PORT		(SERIAL_IO_PORT)	/* 8b I/O port access */
#define UPIO_HUB6		(SERIAL_IO_HUB6)	/* Hub6 ISA card */
#define UPIO_MEM		(SERIAL_IO_MEM)		/* driver-specific */
#define UPIO_MEM32		(SERIAL_IO_MEM32)	/* 32b little endian */
#define UPIO_AU			(SERIAL_IO_AU)		/* Au1x00 and RT288x type IO */
#define UPIO_TSI		(SERIAL_IO_TSI)		/* Tsi108/109 type IO */
#define UPIO_MEM32BE		(SERIAL_IO_MEM32BE)	/* 32b big endian */
#define UPIO_MEM16		(SERIAL_IO_MEM16)	/* 16b little endian */

	/* quirks must be updated while holding port mutex */
#define UPQ_NO_TXEN_TEST	BIT(0)

	unsigned int		read_status_mask;	/* driver specific */
	unsigned int		ignore_status_mask;	/* driver specific */
	struct uart_state	*state;			/* pointer to parent state */
	struct uart_icount	icount;			/* statistics */

	struct console		*cons;			/* struct console, if any */
#if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE) || defined(SUPPORT_SYSRQ)
	unsigned long		sysrq;			/* sysrq timeout */
	unsigned int		sysrq_ch;		/* char for sysrq */
#endif

	/* flags must be updated while holding port mutex */
	upf_t			flags;

	/*
	 * These flags must be equivalent to the flags defined in
	 * include/uapi/linux/tty_flags.h which are the userspace definitions
	 * assigned from the serial_struct flags in uart_set_info()
	 * [for bit definitions in the UPF_CHANGE_MASK]
	 *
	 * Bits [0..UPF_LAST_USER] are userspace defined/visible/changeable
	 * The remaining bits are serial-core specific and not modifiable by
	 * userspace.
	 */
#define UPF_FOURPORT		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_FOURPORT       /* 1  */ )
#define UPF_SAK			((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SAK            /* 2  */ )
#define UPF_SPD_HI		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_HI         /* 4  */ )
#define UPF_SPD_VHI		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_VHI        /* 5  */ )
#define UPF_SPD_CUST		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_CUST   /* 0x0030 */ )
#define UPF_SPD_WARP		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_WARP   /* 0x1010 */ )
#define UPF_SPD_MASK		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_MASK   /* 0x1030 */ )
#define UPF_SKIP_TEST		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SKIP_TEST      /* 6  */ )
#define UPF_AUTO_IRQ		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_AUTO_IRQ       /* 7  */ )
#define UPF_HARDPPS_CD		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_HARDPPS_CD     /* 11 */ )
#define UPF_SPD_SHI		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_SPD_SHI        /* 12 */ )
#define UPF_LOW_LATENCY		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY    /* 13 */ )
#define UPF_BUGGY_UART		((__force upf_t) ASYNC_BUGGY_UART     /* 14 */ )
#define UPF_MAGIC_MULTIPLIER	((__force upf_t) ASYNC_MAGIC_MULTIPLIER /* 16 */ )

#define UPF_NO_THRE_TEST	((__force upf_t) (1 << 19))
/* Port has hardware-assisted h/w flow control */
#define UPF_AUTO_CTS		((__force upf_t) (1 << 20))
#define UPF_AUTO_RTS		((__force upf_t) (1 << 21))
#define UPF_HARD_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (UPF_AUTO_CTS | UPF_AUTO_RTS))
/* Port has hardware-assisted s/w flow control */
#define UPF_SOFT_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (1 << 22))
#define UPF_CONS_FLOW		((__force upf_t) (1 << 23))
#define UPF_SHARE_IRQ		((__force upf_t) (1 << 24))
#define UPF_EXAR_EFR		((__force upf_t) (1 << 25))
#define UPF_BUG_THRE		((__force upf_t) (1 << 26))
/* The exact UART type is known and should not be probed.  */
#define UPF_FIXED_TYPE		((__force upf_t) (1 << 27))
#define UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF	((__force upf_t) (1 << 28))
#define UPF_FIXED_PORT		((__force upf_t) (1 << 29))
#define UPF_DEAD		((__force upf_t) (1 << 30))
#define UPF_IOREMAP		((__force upf_t) (1 << 31))

#define __UPF_CHANGE_MASK	0x17fff
#define UPF_CHANGE_MASK		((__force upf_t) __UPF_CHANGE_MASK)
#define UPF_USR_MASK		((__force upf_t) (UPF_SPD_MASK|UPF_LOW_LATENCY))

#if __UPF_CHANGE_MASK > ASYNC_FLAGS
#error Change mask not equivalent to userspace-visible bit defines
#endif

	/*
	 * Must hold termios_rwsem, port mutex and port lock to change;
	 * can hold any one lock to read.
	 */
	upstat_t		status;

#define UPSTAT_CTS_ENABLE	((__force upstat_t) (1 << 0))
#define UPSTAT_DCD_ENABLE	((__force upstat_t) (1 << 1))
#define UPSTAT_AUTORTS		((__force upstat_t) (1 << 2))
#define UPSTAT_AUTOCTS		((__force upstat_t) (1 << 3))
#define UPSTAT_AUTOXOFF		((__force upstat_t) (1 << 4))

	int			hw_stopped;		/* sw-assisted CTS flow state */
	unsigned int		mctrl;			/* current modem ctrl settings */
	unsigned int		timeout;		/* character-based timeout */
	unsigned int		type;			/* port type */
	const struct uart_ops	*ops;
	unsigned int		custom_divisor;
	unsigned int		line;			/* port index */
	unsigned int		minor;
	resource_size_t		mapbase;		/* for ioremap */
	resource_size_t		mapsize;
	struct device		*dev;			/* parent device */
	unsigned char		hub6;			/* this should be in the 8250 driver */
	unsigned char		suspended;
	unsigned char		unused[2];
	const char		*name;			/* port name */
	struct attribute_group	*attr_group;		/* port specific attributes */
	const struct attribute_group **tty_groups;	/* all attributes (serial core use only) */
	struct serial_rs485     rs485;
	void			*private_data;		/* generic platform data pointer */
};

/*
 * This structure describes all the operations that can be done on the
 * physical hardware.  See Documentation/serial/driver for details.
 */
struct uart_ops {
	unsigned int	(*tx_empty)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*set_mctrl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int mctrl);
	unsigned int	(*get_mctrl)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*stop_tx)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*start_tx)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*throttle)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*unthrottle)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*send_xchar)(struct uart_port *, char ch);
	void		(*stop_rx)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*enable_ms)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*break_ctl)(struct uart_port *, int ctl);
	int		(*startup)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*shutdown)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*flush_buffer)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new,
				       struct ktermios *old);
	void		(*set_ldisc)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *);
	void		(*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state,
			      unsigned int oldstate);
	void		(*wake_peer)(struct uart_port *);

	/*
	 * Return a string describing the type of the port
	 */
	const char	*(*type)(struct uart_port *);

	/*
	 * Release IO and memory resources used by the port.
	 * This includes iounmap if necessary.
	 */
	void		(*release_port)(struct uart_port *);

	/*
	 * Request IO and memory resources used by the port.
	 * This includes iomapping the port if necessary.
	 */
	int		(*request_port)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*config_port)(struct uart_port *, int);
	int		(*verify_port)(struct uart_port *, struct serial_struct *);
	int		(*ioctl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
#ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL
	int		(*poll_init)(struct uart_port *);
	void		(*poll_put_char)(struct uart_port *, unsigned char);
	int		(*poll_get_char)(struct uart_port *);
#endif
};

#include <linux/console.h>
struct console {
	char	name[16];
	void	(*write)(struct console *, const char *, unsigned);
	int	(*read)(struct console *, char *, unsigned);
	struct tty_driver *(*device)(struct console *, int *);
	void	(*unblank)(void);
	int	(*setup)(struct console *, char *);
	int	(*match)(struct console *, char *name, int idx, char *options);
	short	flags;
	short	index;
	int	cflag;
	void	*data;
	struct	 console *next;
};

关键函数

int uart_register_driver(struct uart_driver *uart);
void uart_unregister_driver(struct uart_driver *uart);

int uart_add_one_port(struct uart_driver *reg, struct uart_port *port);
int uart_remove_one_port(struct uart_driver *reg, struct uart_port *port);
int uart_match_port(struct uart_port *port1, struct uart_port *port2);