Spring框架学习（3）：spring属性配置的细节

本篇文章主要讲一下Spring属性配置的细节

一、Bean之间的引用

首先我们知道，组成应用程序的Bean经常需要相互协助以完成应用程序的功能，要使Bean能够相互访问就必须在Bean配置文件中指定对Bean的引用。有两种方法使Bean之间构成引用的关系

1.在配置文件中通过ref属性为Bean的属性或构造器参数指定对Bean的引用

首先写两个类Person和Address

package beans;

public class Person {
	private String name;
	
	private Address address;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
	
	
}

package beans;

public class Address {
	private String city;
	private String street;
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}
	
	
}

然后在配置文件中配置他们的引用关系

 

写一个main函数测试一下

 

2.在属性或者构造器中包含Bean的声明，即内部Bean，外部的其他Bean无法访问到该内部Bean。

在配置文件中配置他们的引用关系，其他不改变

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	
	
	<bean id="person" class="beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
		<property name="address">
			<bean class="beans.Address">
				<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
				<property name="street" value="Shangxiajiu"></property>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>

</beans>

二、Bean属性中带有特殊字符

当property属性的value值带有特殊字符，例如<>时，可以使用以下方法配置

<bean id="person" class="beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
		<property name="address">
			<bean class="beans.Address">
				<property name="city">
					<value><![CDATA[<GuangZhou>]]></value>
				</property>
				<property name="street" value="Shangxiajiu"></property>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>

三、为级联属性赋值

<bean id="person" class="beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
		<property name="address" ref="address"></property>
		<property name="address.city" value="ShangHai"></property>
	</bean>

需要注意的是，属性需要先初始化才可以为级联属性赋值

四、为集合属性赋值

配置List属性：

修改一下Person类，将地址改为List

package beans;

import java.util.List;

public class Person {
	private String name;
	

	private List<Address> addresses;  
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public List<Address> getAddresses() {
		return addresses;
	}

	public void setAddresses(List<Address> addresses) {
		this.addresses = addresses;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", addresses=" + addresses + "]";
	}

	
	
	
}

在配置文件中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="address1" class="beans.Address">
		<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
		<property name="street" value="Shangxiajiu"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="address2" class="beans.Address">
		<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
		<property name="street" value="Gongyuanqian"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
		<property name="addresses">
			<list>
				<ref bean="address1"/>
				<ref bean="address2"/>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

</beans>

配置Array属性与List差不多

配置Map属性：

修改一下Person类

package beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class Person {
	private String name;
	

	private Map<String, Address> addresses;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Map<String, Address> getAddresses() {
		return addresses;
	}

	public void setAddresses(Map<String, Address> addresses) {
		this.addresses = addresses;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", addresses=" + addresses + "]";
	}	
	
}

修改配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="address1" class="beans.Address">
		<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
		<property name="street" value="Shangxiajiu"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="address2" class="beans.Address">
		<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
		<property name="street" value="Gongyuanqian"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
		<property name="addresses">
			<map>
				<entry key="AA" value-ref="address1"></entry>
				<entry key="BB" value-ref="address2"></entry>
			</map>
		</property>
	</bean>

</beans>

五、通过p命名空间为bean属性赋值

需要先导入p命名空间，在配置文件的页面点NameSpaces，然后勾选p命名空间即可，p命名空间可以帮助我们更快捷得配置bean

配置文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="address" class="beans.Address">
		<property name="city" value="GuangZhou"></property>
		<property name="street" value="Shangxiajiu"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="beans.Person"
		p:name="Tom" p:address-ref="address"></bean>
	

</beans>