考研英语二语法知识点 1.2简单句的核心变化

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简单句

简单句的核心变化

谓语动词的变化

谓语动词的时态

时态可以按照两个维度，划分如下

四种时间：过去 现在 将来 过去将来
四种状态：一般 进行 完成 完成进行
四种时间 x 四种状态 = 十六种时态

`一般`时态

`一般过去时`：谓语动词 = `did`（动词的过去式）

The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009…
That was bad to my overall fitness goals.
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners.

`一般现在时`：谓语动词 = `do / does` （动词的原形或第三人称单数）

However, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.
I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch or dinner.
After bills, Tony has £60 a week of spend…
Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge…

`一般将来时`：谓语动词 = `will do` 或 `am / is / are going to + do`

It will hold another meeting soon.
…people will simply become lazy and depressed.
Will the European Union make it?

`(一般)过去将来时`：谓语动词 = `would + do` 或 `was / were going to + do`

(Facebook promised the European commission…) it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities…

`进行`时态

`过去进行时`：谓语动词 = `was / were + doing`

The position was just taking up too much time,
…but 10 years ago he was carning £130,000 a year…

`现在进行时`：谓语动词 = `am / is / are + doing`

Now shortage are appearing at the mid-skill levels.

`将来进行时`：谓语动词 = `will be + doing`（其中`be`动词永远用原形`be`）

Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.

`完成`时态

`过去完成时`：谓语动词 = `had done`

By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board.
Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades…
Many said that enemployment… had improved them in some ways…
Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative…

`现在完成时`：谓语动词 = `have / has + done`

People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.
…since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California…
This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries.
He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches…
Indeed, predictions of such a society have been around for two decades…

`补充`：`现在完成时`与`一般过去时` 的区别

predictions of such a society have been around…
predictions of such a society were around…
We have learned English for 15 years.
We learned English for 15 years.

`将来完成时`：谓语动词 = `will have + done`

…we will have wasted them.

`完成进行`时态

`过去完成进行时`：谓语动词 = `had been + doing`

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.

`现在完成进行时`：谓语动词 = `have / has + doing`

Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will.
…the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks.

`将来完成进行时`：谓语动词 = `will have been + doing`

真题演练

American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years.
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.
But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
The community mental health team saved my life.
I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass…
No one tries harder than the jobless…
…the courts will remain rather busy.
…and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The high-schoolers get the same curriculum…
In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off.
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room…
…younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success…
Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock…
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign.
Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books…

谓语动词的情态

常出现的情态动词

系动词	含义
`must`	——
`can`	`could`
`will`	`would`
`shall`	`should`
`may`	`might`

Children may face serious difficulties…
Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown.

情态动词表示“情态”

情态动词	含义	真题例句
`must`	必须	——
`can` `could`	能够/可以	——
`will` `would`	愿意/将要（表示“将要”常用于将来时态）	——
`may` `might`	可以/可能	——
`should`	应该	——

情态动词表示“推测”

…other suits may have an even greater impact.
…e-money might be more convenient…
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s…
Jealousy and anger… may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.
They may be coming [into the workforce]…
…Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world…

真题演练

…but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions…
…we must face up to the fact…
…housing can contribute to economic growth.
…you should believe in yourself…
The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.
And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.
Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule…
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms…
This could be no more than a passing literary craze…
…we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion.

谓语动词的语态

被动语态的构成：`be + done`

But her appeal was considered a failure…
The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids…

被动语态与时态的结合

常用时态的被动语态

含义	原句	语态
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——
——	——	——

The outbreak of swine flu… was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009.
Curiosity is often considered a good instinct…
…they’re being inclued in the decision-making process…
…the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

被动语态与情态的结合

Obesity… can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
Their success may be determined by a suit.
…sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

真题演练

But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.
Can privacy be preserved…
It is often defined in terms of body mass index, or BMI.
…all Internet users should be forced to register and identify themselves…
The food industry will be alarmed…
The homework rules should be put on hold…
…but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas…
…the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness…
…tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy…