考研英语（高级阅读）补充习题

考研英语（高级阅读）补充习题
第一部分 完型填空

1. Directions：
   Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank.
   【Sample 1】
   The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic designated by the World Health Organization in 41 years.
   The heightened alert followed an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.
   But the epidemic is “ moderate“ in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ** with** the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.
   The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.
   In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.
   Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.

1 . A. criticized B. appointed C. commented D. designated
2. A. proceeded B. activated C. followed D. prompted
3. A. digits B. numbers C. amounts D. sums
4. A. moderate B. normal C. unusual D. extreme
5. A. with B. in C. from D. by
6. A. progress B. absence C. presence D. favor
7. A. reality B. phenomenon C. concept D. notice
8. A. over B. for C. among D. to
9. A. stay up B. crop up C. fill up D. cover up
10. A. as B. if C. unless D. until
11. A. excessive B. enormous C. significant D. magnificent
12. A. categories B. examples C. patterns D. samples
13. A. imparted B. immersed C. injected D. infected
14. A. released B. relayed C. relieved D. remained
15. A. placing B. delivering C. taking D. giving
16. A. feasible B. available C. reliable D. applicable
17. A. prevalent B. principal C. innovative D. initial
18. A. presented B. restricted C. recommended D. introduced
19. A. problems B. issues C. agonies D. sufferings
20. A. involved in B. caring for C. concerned with D. warding off

Key:
1~5 DCBAA 6~10 BDCBA 11~15 CDDAC 16~20 BDCAB

【Sample 2】
Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who served in World War II and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the common man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who bore all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold fox-holes, who went without the necessities of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, but an average guy, up against the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.
His name isn’t much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation meaning Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles handed out to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never made it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac … a working class name. The United States has never had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.
G. I. Joe had a distinguished career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a collection of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle interviewed portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the human side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were gained or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports paralleled the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men emphasized the dirt and exhaustion of war, the fragments of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. To Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, at that point the most important person in their lives.

1. A. served B. performed C. rebelled D. betrayed
2. A. actual B. common C. special D. normal
3. A. loaded B. eased C. removed D. bore
4. A. necessities B. facilities C. commodities D. properties
5. A. and B. nor C. but D. hence
6. A. for B. into C. from D. against
7. A. implying B. meaning C. symbolizing D. claiming
8. A. handed out B. turned over C. brought back D. passed down
9. A. pushed B. got C. made D. managed
10. A. ever B. never C. either D. neither
11. A. disguised B. disturbed C. disputed D. distinguished
12. A. company B. community C. collection D. colony
13. A. employed B. appointed C. interviewed D. questioned
14. A. human B. military C. political D. ethical
15. A. ruined B. commuted C. patrolled D. gained
    1 6. A. paralleled B. counteracted C. duplicated D. contradicted
16. A. neglected B. emphasized C. avoided D. admired
17. A. stages B. illusions C. fragments D. advances
18. A. With B. To C. Among D. Beyond
19. A. on the contrary B. by this means C. from the outset D. at that point
    KEY:
    1~5 ABDAC 6~10 DBACB 11~15 DCCAD 16~20 ABCBD

【Sample3】
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. However , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been around for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very concept of money itself,” only to reverse itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so slow in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work against the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very expensive to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the dominant form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they provide receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to give up . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”–it takes several days before a check is cashed and funds are withdrawn from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. Because electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of payment may raise security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information stored there. The fact that this is not an uncommon occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and steal from someone else’s accounts. The prevention of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science is developed to cope with security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic trail that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.

1. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise
2. A. off B. back C. over D. around
3. A. power B. concept C. history D. role
4. A. reward B. resist C. resume D. reverse
5. A. silent B. sudden C. slow D. steady
6. A. for B. against C. with D. on
7. A. imaginative B. expensive C. sensitive D. productive
8. A. similar B. original C. temporary D. dominant
9. A. collect B. provide C. copy D. print
10. A. give up B. take over C. bring back D. pass down
11. A. before B. after C. since D. when
12. A. kept B. borrowed C. released D. withdrawn
13. A. Unless B. Until C. Because D. Though
14. A. hide B. express C. raise D. ease
15. A. analyzed B. shared C. stored D. displayed
16. A. unsafe B. unnatural C. uncommon D. unclear
17. A. steal B. choose C. benefit D. return
18. A. consideration B. prevention C. manipulation D. justification
19. A. cope with B. fight against C. adapt to D. call for
20. A. chunk B. chip C. path D. trail

Key:
1~5 ADBDC 6~10 BBDBA 11~15 ADCCC 16~20 CABAD

【Sample4】
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have conduced that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually protective . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. Likewise , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an indicator of good health.
Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined in terms of body mass index, or BMI. BMI equals body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, in turn , can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem straightforward , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, while others with a low BMI may be in poor shape . For example, many collegiate and professional football players quality as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a normal BMI.
Today we have a(an) tendency to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes pictured in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes associated with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. Even very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, grounded in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity policies . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign against childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

1. A. denied B. conduced C. doubted D. ensured
2. A. protective B. dangerous C. sufficient D. troublesome
3. A. Instead B. However C. Likewise D. Therefore
4. A. indicator B. objective C. origin D. example
5. A. impact B. relevance C. assistance D. concern
6. A. in terms of B. in case of C. in favor of D. In respect of
7. A. measures B. determines C. equals D. modifies
8. A. in essence B. in contrast C. in turn D. in part
9. A. complicated B. conservative C. variable D. straightforward
10. A. so B. while C. since D. unless
11. A. shape B. spirit C. balance D. taste
12. A. start B. quality C. retire D. stay
13. A. strange B. changeable C. normal D. constant
14. A. option B. reason C. opportunity D. tendency
15. A. employed B. pictured C. imitated D. monitored
16. A. compared B. combined C. settled D. associated
17. A. Even B. Still C. Yet D. Only
18. A. despised B. corrected C. ignored D. grounded
19. A. discussions B. businesses C. policies D. studies
20. A. for B. against C. with D. without
    Key:
    1~5 BACAD 6~10 ACCDB 11~15 ABCDB 16~20 DADCB

【Sample 5】
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence how firms work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. In particular , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness measured by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
Sure enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were headquartered. But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities explain why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to invest–like size, industry, and sales–and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors attribute to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less experienced managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spread more equally . Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
While this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least hints at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help shape how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and lean towards R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimis