字节对齐__align(),__attribute((aligned (n))),#pragma pack(n)出处来源

http://www.openedv.com/posts/list/11308.htm

虽然帖子很久了，但是我还是说下。
MDK5环境下，详见MDK--HELP--uVision help----Compiler User Guide------compiler specific Features----9.2__align、9.6__attribute__((aligned))、9.91#pragma pack（n），解释的很清晰。我依次贴出来。

 

虽然在MDK4中没找到，但是知道了方法 是编译器所使用，可能版本不同，所在目录不同。也是在类似编译器相关文件中找到也可以通过搜索查找到如下图

MDK--HELP--uVision help---RealView Compiler Reference Guide-----compiler specific Features----，解释的很清晰。我依次贴出来。

9.2 __align

The__alignkeyword instructs the compiler to align a variable on ann-byte boundary.

__alignis a storage class modifier. It does not affect the type of the function.

Syntax

__align(n)

Where:

n

is the alignment boundary.

For local variables,ncan take the values 1, 2, 4, or 8.

For global variables,ncan take any value up to 0x80000000 in powers of 2.

Usage

__align(n)is useful when the normal alignment of the variable being declared is less thann. Eight-byte alignment can give a significant performance advantage with VFP instructions.

__aligncan be used in conjunction withexternandstatic.

Restrictions

Because__alignis a storage class modifier, it cannot be used on:

• Types, includingtypedefs and structure definitions.

• Function parameters.

You can only overalign. That is, you can make a two-byte object four-byte aligned but you cannot align a four-byte object at 2 bytes.

Examples

__align(8) char buffer[128];  // buffer starts on eight-byte boundary
[/mw_shl_code]

void foo(void) { ... __align(16) int i; // this alignment value is not permitted for // a local variable ... } __align(16) int i; // permitted as a global variable. [/mw_shl_code] 

Related reference

7.104 --min_array_alignment=opt

9.60 __attribute__((aligned)) variable attribute

#pragma pack(n) Non-Confidential   ARM DUI0375E ARM® Compiler v5.04 for ?Vision armcc User Guide Version 5 Home > Compiler-specific Features > #pragma pack(n) 9.91 #pragma pack(n) This pragma aligns members of a structure to the minimum ofnand their natural alignment. Packed objects are read and written using unaligned accesses. Note This pragma is a GNU compiler extension that the ARM compiler supports. Syntax #pragma pack(n) Where: n is the alignment in bytes, valid alignment values being1,2,4and8. Default The default is#pragma pack(8). Errors Taking the address of a field in a#pragma packedstructdoes not yield a__packedpointer, so the compiler does not produce an error if you assign this address to a non-__packedpointer. However, the field might not be properly aligned for its type, and dereferencing such an unaligned pointer results in undefined behavior. Examples This example demonstrates howpack(2)aligns integer variablebto a 2-byte boundary. typedef struct { char a; int b; } S; #pragma pack(2) typedef struct { char a; int b; } SP; S var = { 0x11, 0x44444444 }; SP pvar = { 0x11, 0x44444444 }; [/mw_shl_code] The layout ofSis: Figure 9-1 Nonpacked structure S     The layout ofSPis: Figure 9-2 Packed structure SP     Note In this layout,xdenotes one byte of padding. SPis a 6-byte structure. There is no padding afterb. Related concepts 4.34 The __packed qualifier and unaligned data access in C and C++ code 4.39 Comparisons of an unpacked struct, a __packed struct, and a struct with individually __packed fields, and of a __packed struct and a #pragma packed struct

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