Linux安装MySQL

1、安装包安装

1.1下载安装包

MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)

以centos7 X86安装mysql5.7.40为例：

1.2上传并解压

将下载的安装包上传至服务器

cd /usr/local/
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-5.7.40

1.3添加用户及用户组，并授权

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-5.7.40

1.4初始化

# 创建数据目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.40/

./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.40/ --datadir=/data/mysql/data/

记录初始密码：g_*uwIhVV4Ni

1.5添加启动项

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

1.6编辑配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.40/
datadir=/data/mysql/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
tmpdir=/tmp/
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/data//error.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql-5.7.40/mysql.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

1.7修改环境变量

vim /etc/profile

# MYSQL
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql-5.7.40/bin/

source /etc/profile

1.8启动MySQL

service mysqld start

# 启动MySQL
mysql -uroot -p
mysql> 

# 首次登陆密码为初始化时的密码，登录后需要修改密码
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123456');
mysql>\q

重新用新密码登录即可

2、yum安装

2.1下载yum源

wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

可以在http://repo.mysql.com上找到自己想要的版本下载，也可以手动下载后上传到服务器

2.2安装

yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

如果提示：mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

将文件中对应版本的gpgcheck改为=0，然后重新执行安装

2.3启动

service mysqld start

2.4连接

先通过安装的日志查看初始密码

vim /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:

2.5修改初始密码

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123456@abc');

如果提示:
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
说明密码不符合要求，如果想要使用简单密码，可以先创建个复杂的，然后修改策略

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;
mysql> flush privileges;

然后再修改密码就可以设置简单密码了。