c++ string类总结

1、string类

1.1 数值转换为string

1.1.1 使用函数模板

用ostringstream类构造格式化输出流，将要转换的基本数据类型数值传到流中

string toString(const T& t)
{
ostringstream dataToString;
dataToString << t;
return dataToString.str();
}

1.1.2 使用标准库函数std::to_string()， 注意包含头文件#include <string> ,以及使用命名空间std

example

// to_string example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::to_string

int main ()
{
  std::string pi = "pi is " + std::to_string(3.1415926);
  std::string perfect = std::to_string(1+2+4+7+14) + " is a perfect number";
  std::cout << pi << '\n';
  std::cout << perfect << '\n';
  return 0;
}

参数类型有

string to_string (int val);
string to_string (long val);
string to_string (long long val);
string to_string (unsigned val);
string to_string (unsigned long val);
string to_string (unsigned long long val);
string to_string (float val);
string to_string (double val);
string to_string (long double val);

int	"%d"	Decimal-base representation of val. The representations of negative values are preceded with a minus sign (-).
long	"%ld
long long	"%lld
unsigned	"%u"	Decimal-base representation of val.
unsigned long	"%lu
unsigned long long	"%llu
float	"%f"	As many digits are written as needed to represent the integral part, followed by the decimal-point character and six decimal digits. inf (or infinity) is used to represent infinity. nan (followed by an optional sequence of characters) to represent NaNs (Not-a-Number). The representations of negative values are preceded with a minus sign (-).
double	"%f
long double	"%Lf

1.2 string字符串转化为数值类型

string的stod、stof、stoi、stol、stold、stoll、stoul、stoull函数可以将string字符串转化为对应的类型

example

// stod example
#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stod

int main ()
{
  std::string orbits ("365.24 29.53");
  std::string::size_type sz;     // alias of size_t

  double earth = std::stod (orbits,&sz);
  double moon = std::stod (orbits.substr(sz));
  std::cout << "The moon completes " << (earth/moon) << " orbits per Earth year.\n";
  return 0;
}