python3-基础篇-04-字符串格式化输出（%、format()）

python的字符串格式化有两种，分别是占位符和format方式。主要记录下format的用法

一、占位符（%）

下面列举下常用的占位符格式

%s	字符串
%d	整数
%f	浮点数组

示例1

name ="lvyq"
print("name is : %s"%name)

运行结果

 示例2

name = "lvyq"
age = 12
msg = "name is : %s ,age is :%d" %(name,age)
print(msg)

执行结果

二、format()

再format函数中，使用“{}”符号来当作格式化操作符

以下以name=“lvyq”，age = 12 为例

1.位置映射

"name is:{},age is :{}".format(name,age)

name = "lvyq"
age = 12
msg1 = "name is:{},age is :{}".format(name,age)
msg2 = "name is:{0},age is :{1}".format(name,age)
msg3 = "name is:{1},age is :{1}".format(name,age)
print(msg1)
print(msg2)
print(msg3)

运行结果

由结果，可以看出，是以索引的方式进行赋值的，默认不填写索引值的情况下，按照索引从0自增的方式赋值

2.关键字映射

"name is:{name},age is :{age}".format(name=name,age=age)

name = "lvyq"
age = 12
msg1 = "name is:{name},age is :{age}".format(name=name,age=age)
msg2 = "name is:{age},age is :{name}".format(name=name,age=age)
print(msg1)
print(msg2)

运行结果

msg2的输出是为了验证，故意写的

 3.元素下标

"name is:{0[0]},age is :{0[1]}".format(user)

user=["lvyq","12"]
msg1="name is:{0[0]},age is :{0[1]}".format(user)
msg2="name is:{0[1]},age is :{0[0]}".format(user)
print(msg1)
#验证对比输出
print(msg2)

运行结果

扩展

user = [["lvyq","12"],["xiaoming","13"]]
msg1 = "name is:{0[0]},age is :{0[1]}".format(user[0])
msg2 = "name is:{0[0]},age is :{0[1]}".format(user[1])
print(msg1)
print(msg2)

 运行结果

4.填充对齐

1 ^、<、>分别是居中、左对齐、右对齐，后面带宽度
2 :号后面带填充的字符，只能是一个字符，不指定的话默认是用空格填充

"name is:{:*^6}".format(name)

name = "lvyq"
msg1 = "居中 name is:{:*^6}".format(name)
msg2 = "左对齐 name is:{:<6}".format(name)
msg3 = "右对齐 name is:{:>6}".format(name)
msg4 = "宽度小于name的长度 name is:{:*<3}".format(name)
print(msg1)
print(msg2)
print(msg3)
print(msg4)

运行结果

由结果可以看出，当宽度小于变量值时，对齐宽度为0，变量值的显示不受影响

 5.浮点数精度

"{:.2f}".format(num)

num = 1.23456
msg1 ="{:.2f}".format(num)
msg2 ="{:.3f}".format(num)
print(msg1)
print(msg2)

运行结果

6.千分位分割

"{:,}".format(num)

num = 123456
msg="{:,}".format(num)
print(msg)

运行结果