Python基础-元组 列表

Python基础-元组 列表

tuple

用小括号、或者无括号来表述，是一连串有顺序的数据。

another_tuple = 12, 3, 5, 15 , 6
a_tuple = (12, 3, 5, 15 , 6,"sb",1.23,another_tuple)
print a_tuple

输出：

(12, 3, 5, 15, 6, 'sb', 1.23, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6))

list

中括号来命名的。

another_tuple = 12, 3, 5, 15 , 6
a_tuple = (12, 3, 5, 15 , 6,"sb",1.23,another_tuple)
a_list = [12, 3, 67, 7, 82,"sb",a_tuple]
print a_list

输出
[12, 3, 67, 7, 82, ‘sb’, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6, ‘sb’, 1.23, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6))]

因为是有序的，元素可以一个一个地被迭代、输出、运用、定位取值。

for index in range(len(a_list)):
    print("index = ", index, ", number in list = ", a_list[index])

输出

(‘index = ‘, 0, ‘, number in list = ‘, 12)
(‘index = ‘, 1, ‘, number in list = ‘, 3)
(‘index = ‘, 2, ‘, number in list = ‘, 67)
(‘index = ‘, 3, ‘, number in list = ‘, 7)
(‘index = ‘, 4, ‘, number in list = ‘, 82)
(‘index = ‘, 5, ‘, number in list = ‘, ‘sb’)
(‘index = ‘, 6, ‘, number in list = ‘, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6, ‘sb’, 1.23, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6)))

for index in range(len(a_tuple)):
    print("index = ", index, ", number in tuple = ", a_tuple[index])

输出

(‘index = ‘, 0, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 12)
(‘index = ‘, 1, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 3)
(‘index = ‘, 2, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 5)
(‘index = ‘, 3, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 15)
(‘index = ‘, 4, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 6)
(‘index = ‘, 5, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, ‘sb’)
(‘index = ‘, 6, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, 1.23)
(‘index = ‘, 7, ‘, number in tuple = ‘, (12, 3, 5, 15, 6))

list 列表

列表是一系列有序的数列，有一系列自带的功能

• 在最后面追加项

  a = [1,2,3,4,1,1,-1]
  a.append(0) # 在a的最后面追加一个0
  print(a)

  [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, -1, 0]
  

• 在指定的地方添加项

  a = [1,2,3,4,1,1,-1]
  a.insert(1,5) # 在位置1处添加5
  print(a)

  [1, 5, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, -1]
  

• 删除项

  a = [1,2,3,4,5,-1]
  a.remove(2) # 删除列表中第一个出现的值为2的项
  print(a)

  [1, 3, 4, 5, -1]
  

• 显示特定位

  a = [1,2,3,4,5,-1]
  print(a[0]) # 显示列表a的第0位的值
  print(a[-1]) # 显示列表a的最末位的值
  print(a[0:3]) # 显示列表a的从第0位 到 第2位(第3位之前) 的所有项的值
  print(a[5:]) # 显示列表a的第5位及以后的所有项的值
  print(a[-3:]) # 显示列表a的倒数第3位及以后的所有项的值

  1
  -1
  [1, 2, 3]
  [-1]
  [4, 5, -1]
  

• 打印列表中的某个值的索引(index)

  a = [1,2,3,4,5,-1]
  print(a.index(2))

  1
  

• 统计列表中某值出现的次数

  a = [1,2,3,4,5,-1,2,2,1]
  print(a.count(-1))
  print(a.count(1))

  1
  2
  

• 对列表的项排序

  a = [1,2,3,4,5,-1,2,2,1]
  a.sort() # 默认从小到大排序
  print(a)
  a.sort(reverse=True) # 从大到小排序
  print(a)

  [-1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  
  [5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, -1]
  

多维列表

一个一维的List是线性的List,多维List是一个平面的List。

a = [1,2,3,4,5] # 一行五列
multi_dim_a = [[1,2,3],
[2,3,4],
[3,4,5]] # 三行三列

对多维进行搜索

print(multi_dim_a[0][1])
2

使用行数和列数来定位list中的值