Flutter Map：打造交互体验流畅的地图

一、什么是FlutterMap

FlutterMap是一个基于Flutter的在线地图插件，提供了丰富的地图数据源和交互方式，开发者可以轻松集成到自己的应用程序中。FlutterMap优秀的UI性能和地图渲染能力，为用户带来极致的滑动、缩放体验。

二、FlutterMap的使用

FlutterMap的使用十分简单，首先，在你的项目中加入flutter_map和相关依赖

dependencies:
  flutter_map: ^0.12.0
  flutter_map_marker_cluster: ^0.3.0
  leaflet: ^1.2.0
  geolocator: ^6.0.0+1

接着，初始化leaflet插件并指定地图位置和视图：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_map/flutter_map.dart';
import 'package:latlong/latlong.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MaterialApp(
    home: Scaffold(
      body: FlutterMap(
        options: MapOptions(
          center: LatLng(51.5, -0.09),
          zoom: 13.0,
        ),
        layers: [
          TileLayerOptions(
            urlTemplate: "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
            subdomains: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  ));
}

以上代码使用了OpenStreetMaps地图数据，可以切换为谷歌地图等其他在线地图数据源，在TileLayerOptions中设置即可。

三、FlutterMap的高级应用

1、地图标记

FlutterMap提供了多种标记的类型和自定义功能，支持在地图上添加自定义标记，实现定制化的描点效果。例如，我们可以通过FlutterMapMarkerCluster扩展插件实现聚合标记效果：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_map/flutter_map.dart';
import 'package:flutter_map_marker_cluster/flutter_map_marker_cluster.dart';
import 'package:latlong/latlong.dart';

void main() {
  var markers = [
    Marker(
        width: 80.0,
        height: 80.0,
        point: LatLng(51.5, -0.09),
        builder: (ctx) => FlutterLogo()),
    //...
  ];

  runApp(MaterialApp(
    home: Scaffold(
      body: FlutterMap(
        options: MapOptions(
          center: LatLng(51.5, -0.09),
          zoom: 13.0,
        ),
        layers: [
          TileLayerOptions(
            urlTemplate: "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
            subdomains: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
          ),
          MarkerClusterLayerOptions(
            maxClusterRadius: 120,
            size: Size(40, 40),
            markers: markers,
            polygonOptions: PolygonOptions(
                borderColor: Colors.blueAccent,
                color: Colors.black12,
                borderStrokeWidth: 3),
            clusterBuilder: (BuildContext context, LatLng latLng,
                List markers) {
              return Container();
            },
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  ));
}

2、地图交互

FlutterMap提供了多种地图交互方式，包括拖拽、缩放、双击、长按等操作。其中，地图缩放的实现方式非常简单，只需要在MapOptions中设置minZoom和maxZoom即可实现地图缩放范围的限制，在此基础上加入手势检测来实现手势缩放效果：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_map/flutter_map.dart';
import 'package:latlong/latlong.dart';

void main() {
  var controller = MapController();

  var minZoom = 10.0;
  var maxZoom = 19.0;

  var initialZoom = 11.0;
  var center = LatLng(51.5, -0.09);

  void onChangedMapZoom() {
    if (controller.zoom <= minZoom) {
      controller.move(center, minZoom);
    } else if (controller.zoom >= maxZoom) {
      controller.move(center, maxZoom);
    }
  }

  runApp(MaterialApp(
    home: Scaffold(
      body: GestureDetector(
        child: FlutterMap(
          mapController: controller,
          options: MapOptions(
            center: center,
            zoom: initialZoom,
            onPositionChanged: (_) => onChangedMapZoom(),
            minZoom: minZoom,
            maxZoom: maxZoom,
          ),
          layers: [
            TileLayerOptions(
              urlTemplate: "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
              subdomains: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
            ),
          ],
        ),
        onScaleStart: (_) {
          controller.drag(false);
        },
        onScaleUpdate: (ScaleUpdateDetails details) {
          var zoom = controller.zoom - details.scale + 1;
          controller.move(details.focal, zoom);
        },
        onScaleEnd: (_) {
          controller.drag(true);
        },
      ),
    ),
  ));
}

3、实时导航

FlutterMap提供了路线规划和导航的功能，支持路径规划和实时导航的实现。下面展示了如何使用FlutterMap和geolocator插件实现实时导航：

import 'dart:async';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_map/flutter_map.dart';
import 'package:geolocator/geolocator.dart';
import 'package:latlong/latlong.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(MaterialApp(home: Scaffold(body: NavigationMap())));
}

class NavigationMap extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _NavigationMapState createState() => _NavigationMapState();
}

class _NavigationMapState extends State {
  var _positionStream = StreamController();

  @override
  void initState() {
    Geolocator.getPositionStream().listen((position) {
      _positionStream.add(LatLng(position.latitude, position.longitude));
    });
    super.initState();
  }

  @override
  dispose() {
    _positionStream.close();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return FlutterMap(
      options: MapOptions(
        center: LatLng(51.5, -0.09),
        zoom: 13.0,
      ),
      layers: [
        TileLayerOptions(
          urlTemplate: "https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
          subdomains: ['a', 'b', 'c'],
        ),
        PolylineLayerOptions(
          polylines: [
            Polyline(
              points: _positionStream.stream,
              color: Colors.redAccent,
            ),
          ],
        ),
        MarkerLayerOptions(
          markers: [
            Marker(
              width: 80.0,
              height: 80.0,
              point: LatLng(51.5, -0.09),
              builder: (ctx) => Icon(Icons.location_on),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

四、总结

FlutterMap提供了对地图相关的一些丰富操作，使用FlutterMap可以帮助开发者轻松并高效地开发地图交互相关的应用。