Android RecyclerView

RecyclerView是一个强大的滚动控件,可以说是一个加强版的ListView,不仅可以实现ListView的效果,还优化了ListView的不足之处,
1.RecyclerView的基本用法
要想使用RecyclerView这个控件,首先要在项目的build.gradle中添加相应的依赖库才行
打开app/buile.gradle 文件,在dependencies闭包中添加如下内容:

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.1'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:24.2.1'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

添加完之后记得要点击一下 Sync Now 来进行同步,
修改Activity_main.xml代码

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>

Fruit类,name表示水果的名称,imageId表示水果对应的图片资源id

public class Fruit{
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    public Fruit(String name, int imageId){
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

fruit_item.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

然后为RecyclerView定义一个适配器,这个适配器继承自RecyclerView.Adapter,并将泛型指定为FruitAdapter.ViewHolder,其中ViewHolder是FruitAdapter中定义的一个内部类,代码如下:

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>{
    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            fruitImage = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }
    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList){
        mFruitList = fruitList;
    }
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType){
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
        ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        return holder;
    }
    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position){
        Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
        holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    }
    @Override
    public int getItemContent(){
        return mFruitList.size(); 
    }
}

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();//初始化水果数据
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);

        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i = 0;i < 2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
}

2.实现横向滚动和瀑布流布局
首先要对fruit_item.xml布局进行修改,因为目前这个布局里面的元素是水平排列的,适用于纵向滚动的场景,而如果我们要实现横向滚动的话,应该把fruit_item中的元素改为垂直排列,代码如下
我们将LinearLayout改为垂直方向排列,并把宽度设为100dp,这里将宽度指定为固定值是因为每种水果的文字长度不一样,如果使用wrap_content的话,RecyclerView子项就会有长有短,非常不美观,如果使用match_parent的话,长度就过长,一个子项占满整个屏幕.

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="100dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity中的代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();//初始化水果数据
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);

        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    ...
}

调用LinearLayoutManager的setOrientation()方法来设置布局的排列方向,默认是纵向排列的,我们传入的LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL表示让布局横行排列.这样就可以横向滚动了

瀑布流布局的实现
首先要对fruit_item.xml布局进行修改
首先将LinearLayout的宽度由100dp改为match_parent,因为瀑布流布局的宽度应该是根据布局的列数来自动适配的,而不是一个固定值,另外我们使用了layout_margin属性来让子项之间互留一点间距,这样就不会所有的子项都紧贴在一起,还有就是将TextView的对齐方式改为居左对齐.

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_margin="5dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity中的代码
在onCreate()方法中,我们创建了一个StaggeredGridLayoutManager的实例,StaggeredGridLayoutManager的构造函数接收两个参数,第一个参数用于指定布局的列数,传入3会表示把布局分为3列,第二个参数用于指定布局的排列方向,传入StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERITCAL表示会让布局纵向排列,最后把创建好的实例设置到RecyclerView中就可以了.
getRandomLengthName()方法,这个方法使用了Random对象来创造一个1到20之间的随机数,然后将参数中传入的字符串重复随机遍,在initFruits()方法中,每个水果的名字都改为调用getRandomLengthName()这个方法来生成,这样就能保证各水果名字的长短差距都比较大,子项的高度也就各不相同了.

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();//初始化水果数据
        RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView)findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
        StaggeredGridLayoutManager layoutManager = new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3, StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);

        recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
        recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for(int i = 0;i < 2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Apple"),R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Banana"),R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Orange"),R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Watermelon"),R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pear"),R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Grape"),R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Pineapple"),R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Strawberry"),R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Cherry"),R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit(getRandomLengthName("Mango"),R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
    private String getRandomLengthName(String name){
        Random random = new Random();
        int length = random.nextInt(20) + 1;
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0;i < length;i++) {
            builder.append(name);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }
}

3.RecyclerView的点击事件
不同于ListView的是,RecyclerView并没有提供类似于setOnItemClickListener()这样的注册监听器方法,而是需要我们自己给子项具体的View去注册点击事件,相对于ListView要复杂一点

修改FruitAdapter的代码:
我们先修改了ViewHolder,在ViewHolder中添加了fruitView变量来保存子项最外层布局的实例,然后在onCreateViewHolder()方法中注册点击事件就可以了,这里分别为最外层的布局和ImageView都注册了点击事件,RecyclerView的强大之处就在这里,它可以轻松实现子项中任意控件或布局的点击事件,我们在两个点击事件中先获取了用户点击的position,然后通过position拿到相应的Fruit实例,再使用Toast分别弹出两种不同的内容以示区别.

public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder>{
    private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
    static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        View fruitView;
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
        public ViewHolder(View view){
            super(view);
            fruitView = view;
            fruitImage = (ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            fruitName = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
        }
    }
    public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList){
        mFruitList = fruitList;
    }
    @Override
    public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType){
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
        fianl ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
        holder.fruitView.setOnClickListener(new View.onClickListener(){
          @Override
          public void onClick(View v){
              int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
              Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
              Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked view"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }  
        });
        holder.fruitImage.setOnClickListener(new View.onClickListener(){
          @Override
          public void onClick(View v){
              int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
              Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
              Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),"you clicked image"+fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          }  
        });
        return holder;
    }
    ...
}