探索单元测试系列(4) Mock对象的各种写法

1. 通过Mockito.mock()来创建假对象

package com.example.demo.mock.controller;

import com.example.demo.junit.spring.service.JunitDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.*;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;

/**
 * Junit演示服务
 *
 * @ClassName JunitDemoService
 * @Author zhaoguang
 * @Date 2019/12/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MockDemoServiceTest {

    private MockDemoService mockDemoService;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        mockDemoService = Mockito.mock(MockDemoService.class);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        Mockito.when(mockDemoService.add(1,2)).thenReturn(3);
        Assert.assertEquals(3, mockDemoService.add(1, 2));
    }
}

 注意，这种写法是可以对接口进行mock的。

2. 通过@Mock注解创建假对象

package com.example.demo.mock.controller;

import com.example.demo.junit.spring.service.JunitDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.*;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;

/**
 * Junit演示服务
 *
 * @ClassName JunitDemoService
 * @Author zhaoguang
 * @Date 2019/12/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MockDemoServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MockDemoService mockDemoService;

    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        Mockito.when(mockDemoService.add(1,2)).thenReturn(3);
        Assert.assertEquals(3, mockDemoService.add(1, 2));
    }
}

注意，@Mock注解是mockito(不是junit)提供的，所以需要通过@RunWith注解来指定运行环境是Mockito。

或者，也可以这样写：

package com.example.demo.mock.controller;

import com.example.demo.junit.spring.service.JunitDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.*;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * Junit演示服务
 *
 * @ClassName JunitDemoService
 * @Author zhaoguang
 * @Date 2019/12/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class MockDemoServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private MockDemoService mockDemoService;

    @Before
    public void init() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        Mockito.when(mockDemoService.add(1,2)).thenReturn(3);
        Assert.assertEquals(3, mockDemoService.add(1, 2));
    }
}

3.通过@MockBean注解创建假对象

package com.example.demo.mock.controller;

import com.example.demo.junit.spring.service.JunitDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoService;
import com.example.demo.mock.service.MockDemoServiceImpl;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.*;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

/**
 * Junit演示服务
 *
 * @ClassName JunitDemoService
 * @Author zhaoguang
 * @Date 2019/12/14
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MockDemoServiceTest {

    @MockBean
    private MockDemoService mockDemoService;

    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        Mockito.when(mockDemoService.add(1,2)).thenReturn(3);
        Assert.assertEquals(3, mockDemoService.add(1, 2));
    }
}

注意，@MockBean注解是SpringBoot(不是mockito)提供的，所以需要通过@RunWith注解指定运行环境为Spring。

4. @InjectMocks注解用于创建被依赖的假对象

  在实际的代码中，往往不可能只测试没有任何依赖的类，大多数场景中都至少是A依赖B的关系.我们要测试A时，就需要对B进行Mock。像这样写就可以了：

@InjectMocks
private B b;

@Mock
private A a；

 

扩展内容

    @RunWith注解是Junit提供的用于指定单元测试运行环境的。参数value的值必须是继承了org.junit.runner.Runner类的一个实现类。Runner的家族图谱如下：