java剖析线程池原理

 

   通常我们可以使用jdk提供的Executors 工具类去使用线程池执行任务，当然也可以自己实现一个线程池去执行任务，那线程池原理是如何为什么我们execute时就可以执行thread的run方法呢？线程是如何复用的?

线程池参数：

• corePoolSize：线程池核心线程个数；

• workQueue：用于保存等待执行的任务的阻塞队列；比如基于数组的有界 ArrayBlockingQueue，基于链表的无界 LinkedBlockingQueue，最多只有一个元素的同步队列 SynchronousQueue，优先级队列 PriorityBlockingQueue 等。

• maximunPoolSize：线程池最大线程数量。

• ThreadFactory：创建线程的工厂。

• RejectedExecutionHandler：饱和策略，当队列满了并且线程个数达到 maximunPoolSize 后采取的策略，比如 AbortPolicy （抛出异常），CallerRunsPolicy（使用调用者所在线程来运行任务），DiscardOldestPolicy（调用 poll 丢弃一个任务，执行当前任务），DiscardPolicy（默默丢弃，不抛出异常）。

• keeyAliveTime：存活时间。如果当前线程池中的线程数量比核心线程数量要多，并且是闲置状态的话，这些闲置的线程能存活的最大时间。

• TimeUnit，存活时间的时间单

 public void execute(Runnable command) {
        // 如果任务为null，则抛出NPE异常
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
     
        int c = ctl.get();
        // 当前线程池线程个数是否小于corePoolSize,小于则开启新线程运行
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        //如果线程池处于RUNNING状态，则添加任务到阻塞队列
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        //如果队列满了，则新增线程，新增失败则执行拒绝策略
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

   使用worker执行任务 addworker方法

 

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // 判断
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                    ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                            firstTask == null &&
                            ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;
            // 循环cas增加线程个数
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                        wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
         ThreadPoolExecutor.Worker w = null;
       //  到这里说明任务拿到了worker
        try {
            w = new ThreadPoolExecutor.Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                            (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                   // 线程执行任务
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

 在worker内部类中重写了run方法 

 public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }
final void runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            // task是具体需要执行的Runnable
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                w.lock();

                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                        (Thread.interrupted() &&
                                runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                        !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        // 执行任务
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    // 统计当前worker完成了多少个任务
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            // 执行清工作
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

  在传进来的worker中要是线程为空 会使用getTask方法去获取task

 try {
                // 从队列中去获取runable
                Runnable r = timed ?
                        workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                        workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;

 在执行清工作时会调用addworker方法使线程复用

 private void processWorkerExit(ThreadPoolExecutor.Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
        if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
            decrementWorkerCount();

        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            workers.remove(w);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }

        tryTerminate();

        int c = ctl.get();
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
                if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
                    min = 1;
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                    return; // replacement not needed
            }
            addWorker(null, false);
        }
    }

 流程图如下