LeetCode高频题刷题笔记(二)链表

题目

1.链表的中间结点( LeetCode 876

难度: 简单
题目表述:
给定一个头结点为 head 的非空单链表,返回链表的中间结点。如果有两个中间结点,则返回第二个中间结点。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* slow = head;
        ListNode* fast = head;
        while (fast != nullptr && fast->next != nullptr) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
};

题解: 快慢指针


2.排序链表( LeetCode 148

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给你链表的头结点 head ,请将其按 升序 排列并返回 排序后的链表 。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* sortList(ListNode* head) {
        if (head == nullptr) return nullptr;
        ListNode* p = head;
        int length = 0;
        while (p != nullptr) {
            p = p->next;
            length++;
        }
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);
        for (int sublength = 1; sublength < length; sublength <<= 1) {
            ListNode* prev = dummyHead;
            ListNode* curr = dummyHead->next;
            while (curr != nullptr) {
                ListNode* head1 = curr;
                for (int i = 1; i < sublength && curr->next != nullptr; i++) {
                    curr = curr->next;
                }
                ListNode* head2 = curr->next;
                curr->next = nullptr;
                curr = head2;
                for (int i = 1; i < sublength && curr !=nullptr && curr->next != nullptr; i++) {
                    curr = curr->next;
                }
                ListNode* next = nullptr;
                if (curr != nullptr) {
                    next = curr->next;
                    curr->next = nullptr;
                }
                prev->next = merge(head1, head2);
                while (prev->next != nullptr) {
                    prev= prev->next;
                }
                curr = next;
            }
        }
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
    ListNode* merge(ListNode* head1, ListNode* head2) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode();
        ListNode* tmp =dummyHead;
        ListNode* tmp1 = head1;
        ListNode* tmp2 = head2;
        while (tmp1 != nullptr && tmp2 != nullptr) {
            if (tmp1->val < tmp2->val) {
                tmp->next = tmp1;
                tmp1 = tmp1->next;
            } else {
                tmp->next = tmp2;
                tmp2 = tmp2->next;
            }
            tmp = tmp->next;
        }
        if (tmp1 != nullptr) {
            tmp->next = tmp1;
        } else if (tmp2 != nullptr) {
            tmp->next = tmp2;
        }
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
};

题解:
时间复杂度是O(nlogn) 的排序算法包括 归并排序、堆排序 和 快速排序(快速排序的最差时间复杂度是 O(n^2)),其中最适合链表的排序算法是归并排序。
使用自底向上的方法实现归并排序,则可以达到 O(1) 的空间复杂度。


3.重排链表( LeetCode 143

难度: 中等
题目表述:
L0 → Ln → L1 → Ln - 1 → L2 → Ln - 2 → …
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    void reorderList(ListNode* head) {
        if (head == nullptr) return;
        ListNode* mid = middleNode(head);
        ListNode* head2 = reverseList(mid->next);
        mid->next = nullptr;
        mergeList(head, head2);
    }
    ListNode* middleNode(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* slow = head;
        ListNode* fast = head;
        while (fast->next != nullptr && fast->next->next != nullptr) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        return slow;
    }
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* pre = nullptr;
        ListNode* cur = head;
        while (cur != nullptr) {
            ListNode* next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }
    void mergeList(ListNode* head1, ListNode* head2) {
        ListNode* p1 = head1;
        ListNode* p2 = head2;
        while (p1 != nullptr && p2 != nullptr) {
            ListNode* tmp_p1 = p1->next;
            ListNode* tmp_p2 = p2->next;
            p1->next = p2;
            p1 = tmp_p1;
            p2->next = p1;
            p2 = tmp_p2;
        }
    }
};

题解:
寻找链表中点 + 链表逆序 + 合并链表
寻找链表中点:若是偶数个节点,则
fast->next != nullptr && fast->next->next != nullptr找的是前半段的尾
fast != nullptr && fast->next != nullptr找的是后半段的首


4.旋转链表( LeetCode 61

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给你一个链表的头节点 head ,旋转链表,将链表每个节点向右移动 k 个位置。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* rotateRight(ListNode* head, int k) {
        if (head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr || k == 0) return head;
        int length = 1;
        ListNode* tail = head;
        while (tail->next != nullptr) {
            tail = tail->next;
            length++;
        }
        int add = length - (k % length);
        if (add == length) return head;
        tail->next = head;
        while (add--) {
            tail = tail->next;
        }
        head = tail->next;
        tail->next = nullptr;
        return head;
    }
};

题解:
闭合为环


5.两两交换链表中的节点( LeetCode 24

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给你一个链表,两两交换其中相邻的节点,并返回交换后链表的头节点。你必须在不修改节点内部的值的情况下完成本题(即,只能进行节点交换)。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
	// 迭代
    ListNode* swapPairs(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);
        ListNode* pre = dummyHead;
        while (pre->next && pre->next->next) {
            ListNode* node1 = pre->next;
            ListNode* node2 = pre->next->next;
            node1->next = node2->next;
            node2->next = node1;
            pre->next = node2;
            pre = node1;
        }
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
    // 递归
    ListNode* swapPairs(ListNode* head) {
        if (head == nullptr || head->next == nullptr) return head;
        ListNode* newHead = head->next;
        head->next = swapPairs(newHead->next);
        newHead->next = head;
        return newHead;
    }
};

题解: 迭代 / 递归


6.合并K个升序链表( LeetCode 23

难度: 困难
题目表述:
给你一个链表数组,每个链表都已经按升序排列。请你将所有链表合并到一个升序链表中,返回合并后的链表。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
        if (lists.size() == 0) return nullptr;
        return merge(lists, 0, lists.size() - 1);
    }
    ListNode* merge(vector<ListNode*>& lists, int l, int r) {
        if (l == r) {
            return lists[l];
        }
        int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
        return mergeTwoLists(merge(lists, l, mid), merge(lists, mid + 1, r));
    }
    ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* head1, ListNode* head2) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode();
        ListNode *p = dummyHead, *p1 = head1, *p2 = head2;
        while (p1 != nullptr && p2 != nullptr ) {
            if (p1->val < p2->val) {
                p->next = p1;
                p1 = p1->next;
            } else {
                p->next = p2;
                p2 = p2->next;
            }
            p = p->next;
        }
        p->next = p1 ? p1 : p2;
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
};

题解: 分支合并


7.删除排序链表中的重复元素 II( LeetCode 82

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给定一个已排序的链表的头 head , 删除原始链表中所有重复数字的节点,只留下不同的数字 。返回 已排序的链表 。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
	// 迭代
    ListNode* deleteDuplicates(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head) return head;
        ListNode* node = head;
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);
        ListNode* pre = dummyHead;
        while (pre->next && pre->next->next) {
            if (pre->next->val == pre->next->next->val) {
                int x = pre->next->val;
                while (pre->next && pre->next->val == x) {
                    pre->next = pre->next->next;
                }
            } else {
                pre = pre->next;
            }
        }
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
    // 递归
    ListNode* deleteDuplicates(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head || !head->next) return head;
        if (head->val == head->next->val) {
            int x = head->val;
            while (head && head->val == x) {
                head = head->next;
            }
            head = deleteDuplicates(head);
        } else {
            head->next = deleteDuplicates(head->next);
        }
        return head;
    }
};

题解: 头节点不一定会保留
链表和树的问题,一般都可以有递归和迭代两种写法。


8.删除排序链表中的重复元素( LeetCode 83

难度: 简单
题目表述:
给定一个已排序的链表的头 head , 删除所有重复的元素,使每个元素只出现一次 。返回 已排序的链表 。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* deleteDuplicates(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head) {
            return head;
        }
        ListNode* cur = head;
        while (cur->next) {
            if (cur->val == cur->next->val) {
                cur->next = cur->next->next;
            }
            else {
                cur = cur->next;
            }
        }
        return head;
    }
};

题解: 头节点一定会保留


9.环形链表 II ( LeetCode 142

难度: 中等
题目描述:
给定一个链表的头节点 head ,返回链表开始入环的第一个节点。 如果链表无环,则返回 null。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
        ListNode *fast = head;
        ListNode *slow = head;
        while (fast != NULL && fast->next != NULL) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
            if(slow == fast) {
                ListNode *p = head;
                while (p != slow){
                    slow = slow->next;
                    p = p->next;
                }
                return p;
            }
        }
        return NULL;
    }
};

题解: 快慢指针
fast += 2, slow += 1,fast 和 slow 相差一步最合理 ,fast 跑的越慢,越能在环中少跑几圈等到还在外面直线跑的 slow
外循环结束条件:fast != NULL && fast->next != NULL
慢指针第一圈走不完一定会和快指针相遇。设链表中环外部分的长度为 a,slow 指针进入环后,又走了 b 的距离与 fast 相遇,此时,fast 指针已经走完了环的 n 圈。任意时刻,fast 指针走过的距离都为slow 指针的 2 倍,故可得
a + n(b + c) + b = 2(a + b) ⟹ a = c + (n - 1)(b + c)
在这里插入图片描述


10.回文链表( LeetCode 234

难度: 简单
题目描述:
给你一个单链表的头节点 head ,请你判断该链表是否为回文链表,如 [1,2,2,1]
代码(C++):

/** 快慢指针
1.找到前半部分链表的尾节点。
2.反转后半部分链表。
3.判断是否回文。
4.恢复链表。
5.返回结果。
**/
class Solution {
public:
    bool isPalindrome(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* lEnd = getMiddleNode(head);
        ListNode* reverseRHead = reverseList(lEnd->next);
        ListNode* p1 = head, *p2 = reverseRHead;
        bool res = true;
        while (res && p2 != nullptr) {
            if (p1->val != p2->val) {
                res = false;
            }
            p1 = p1->next;
            p2 = p2->next;
        }
        lEnd->next= reverseList(reverseRHead);
        return res;
    }
    ListNode* getMiddleNode(ListNode* head) {
       ListNode* slow = head;
       ListNode* fast = head; 
       while (fast->next && fast->next->next) {
           slow = slow->next;
           fast = fast->next->next;
       }
       return slow;
    }
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode *pre = nullptr, *cur = head;
        while (cur) {
            ListNode* next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }
};
// 利用递归的特性:从后往前
class Solution {
    ListNode* firstNode;
public:
    bool isPalindrome(ListNode* head) {
        firstNode = head;
        return recursivelyCheck(head);
    }
    bool recursivelyCheck(ListNode* currentNode) {
        if (currentNode != nullptr) {
            if (!recursivelyCheck(currentNode->next)) {
                return false;
            }
            if (currentNode->val != firstNode->val) {
                return false;
            }
            firstNode = firstNode->next;
        } 
        return true;
    }
};

题解: 快慢指针 / 递归


11.相交链表( LeetCode 160

难度: 简单
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *getIntersectionNode(ListNode *headA, ListNode *headB) {
        if (headA == NULL || headB == NULL)
            return NULL;
        ListNode *pA = headA;
        ListNode *pB = headB;
        while (pA != pB){
            if (pA == NULL)
                pA = headB; 
            else
                pA = pA->next;
            if (pB == NULL)
                pB = headA;
            else
                pB = pB->next;
            
        }
        return pA;
    }
};

题解: 双指针交叉循环遍历
无论 A、B 两个链表是否有相交点,最终都会指向一个相同的节点,要么是它们的公共尾部,要么是 NULL。


12.奇偶链表( LeetCode 328

难度: 中等
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* oddEvenList(ListNode* head) {
        if (!head) return head;
        ListNode* oddP = head;
        ListNode* evenHead = head->next;
        ListNode* evenP = evenHead;
        while (evenP && evenP->next) {
            oddP->next = evenP->next;
            oddP = oddP->next;
            evenP->next = oddP->next;
            evenP = evenP->next;
        }
        oddP->next = evenHead;
        return head;
    }
};

题解: 分离后合并


13.K 个一组翻转链表( LeetCode 25

难度: 困难
题目描述:
给你链表的头节点 head ,每 k 个节点一组进行翻转,请你返回修改后的链表。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) {
        ListNode* dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);
        ListNode* pre = dummyHead;
        while (pre->next) {
            ListNode* h = pre->next;
            ListNode* t = h;
            int i = 1;
            while (i++ < k && t) {
                t = t->next;
            }
            if (t) {
                ListNode* next = t->next;
                t->next = nullptr;
                pre->next = reverseList(h);
                h->next = next;
                pre = h;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        return dummyHead->next;
    }
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode* pre = nullptr;
        ListNode* cur = head;
        while (cur) {
            ListNode* next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = next;
        }
        return pre;
    }
};

题解: 反转链表


14.反转链表 II ( LeetCode 92

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给你单链表的头指针 head 和两个整数 left 和 right ,其中 left <= right 。请你反转从位置 left 到位置 right 的链表节点,返回反转后的链表 。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
	// 递归 O(n) O(n)
    ListNode* reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        if (head == NULL || head->next == NULL) {
            return head;
        }
        ListNode* ret = reverseList(head->next);
        head->next->next = head;
        head->next = NULL;
        return ret;
    }
    // 迭代 O(n) O(1)
    void reverseList(ListNode* head) {
        ListNode *pre = nullptr;
        ListNode *cur = head;
        while (cur != nullptr) {
            ListNode *next = cur->next;
            cur->next = pre;
            pre = cur;
            cur = next;
        }
        head = pre;
    }
    ListNode* reverseBetween(ListNode* head, int left, int right) {
        ListNode *dummyNode = new ListNode();
        dummyNode->next = head;
        ListNode *pre = dummyNode;
        for (int i = 1; i < left; i++) {
            pre = pre->next;
        }
        ListNode *leftNode = pre->next;
        ListNode *rightNode = pre;
        for (int i = 0; i < right - left + 1; i++) {
            rightNode = rightNode->next;
        }
        ListNode *tail = rightNode->next;
        pre->next = nullptr;
        rightNode->next = nullptr;
        reverseList(leftNode);
        leftNode->next = tail;
        pre->next = rightNode;
        return dummyNode->next;
    }
};

题解:
因为头节点有可能发生变化,使用虚拟头节点dummyNode可以避免复杂的分类讨论


15.复制带随机指针的链表( LeetCode 138

难度: 中等
题目表述:
请实现 copyRandomList 函数,复制一个复杂链表。在复杂链表中,每个节点除了有一个 next 指针指向下一个节点,还有一个 random 指针指向链表中的任意节点或者 null。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
private:
    unordered_map<Node*, Node*> map;
public:
    Node* copyRandomList(Node* head) {
        if (head == NULL) {
            return head;
        }
        if (map.count(head) == 0) {
            Node* newNode = new Node(head->val);
            map[head] = newNode;
            newNode->next = copyRandomList(head->next);
            newNode->random = copyRandomList(head->random);
        }
        return map[head];
    }
};

题解: 回溯 + 哈希表 / 迭代 + 节点拆分
利用回溯的方式,让每个节点的拷贝操作相互独立


16.删除链表的倒数第 N 个结点( LeetCode 19

难度: 中等
题目表述:
给你一个链表,删除链表的倒数第 n 个结点,并且返回链表的头结点。
代码(C++):

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* removeNthFromEnd(ListNode* head, int n) {
        ListNode* dummyNode = new ListNode(0, head);
        ListNode* fast = head, *slow = dummyNode;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            fast = fast->next;
        }
        while (fast) {
            fast = fast->next;
            slow = slow->next;
        }
        ListNode* tmp = slow->next;
        slow->next = slow->next->next;
        delete tmp;
        return dummyNode->next;
    }
};

题解: 快慢指针


小结

迭代、递归、哈希表、双指针、快慢指针


参考链接

玩转 LeetCode 高频 100 题
LeetCode 刷题攻略

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1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II

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