知识点
关注重点部分,非重点了解即可
- 多种访问策略
- sa:static allocation, da:dynamic allocation
- FDM(sa)
- TDM
- STDM(sa)
- PCM
- ATDM(da)
- Random access
- ALOHA
- pure ALOHA
- slotted ALOHA
- CSMA(protocol)
- persistent CSMA
- 1-persistent CSMA
- p-persistent CSMA
- nonpersistent CSMA
- CSMA comparison
- MAC评价指标:low load -> delay, high load->throughput
- persistent CSMA
- CSMA/CD(protocol)
- 带错误检测的CSMA
- jam signal
- backoff(time)(1-persistent CSMA/CD)
- 和nonpersistent CSMA的wait机制相似
- ALOHA
- Controlled access
- Centralized control:Polling
- Distributed control:Token Ring
- Random access
- STDM(sa)
- WDM(sa)
- Wireless LAN protocal
- Hidden station problem
- Exposed station problem
- MACA
- RTS
- CTS
- Collision:同时向一个receiver发送RTS
- backoff (similar to CSMA/CD)
- 访问策略脆弱期分析
- 脆弱期/冲突期:若两个frame出现在同一个冲突期内就会发生冲突
- ALOHA:
- pure ALOHA:2*transmission time
- slotted ALOHA:1*slot time(一般transmission time=slot time)
- CSMA:1*propagation time
- CSMA/CD:1*propagation time
- 发现冲突需要的最长时间:2*propagation time
- ALOHA:
- 脆弱期/冲突期:若两个frame出现在同一个冲突期内就会发生冲突
- LAN Reference Model: IEEE 802 RM
- 一种只考察Data Link Layer and Physical Layer的model
- Data Link Layer1: Logical Link Control (LLC)
- 802.2 LLC
- Flow Control and Error Control
- 这里的 Error Control不包括添加检错码、校验码。
- 向Network Layer提供service
- Inter-connecting LANs with bridge(网桥)
- Data Link Layer2: Medium Access Control (MAC)
- 有线:802.3 CSMA/CD
- 无线:802.11 Wireless
- Framing
- Error Check
- 添加检错码(大多数),校验码,MAC address
- MAC address识别
- 进行访问控制
- 不同的LAN一般MAC不同,但LLC相同
- Ethernet(协议标准:802.3 两者区别不大 一般相互指代)
- NIC
- 只讨论10Mbps的Ethernet
- 传统Ethernet: 物理层
- 10base5
- 10base2
- 10baseT
- hub:本质上是总线结构,half-duplex
- Manchester Encoding
- 传统Ethernet: 数据链路层
- Operations of Ethernet: 1-persistent CSMA/CD
- Inter Frame Gap
- half-duplex
- Frame Structure
- 不计算preamble
- 限制:
- Data+Pad最小46 bytes,最大1500bytes
- 总frame大小最小46+18=64 bytes,最大1500+18=1518 bytes
- MAC address and address format
- Ethernet Performance: Channel efficiency= 1 2 B D e F \frac {1}{2BD \frac {e}{F}} 2BDFe1其中,e是自然对数的底,F是frame length
- switched Ethernet
- 将hub换成switch(交换机),switch: full-duplex
- 使用switch不需要CSMA/CD技术<