图像处理：轮廓——为轮廓创建边界旋转框和椭圆 OpenCV v4.8.0

上一个教程 ： 为轮廓创建包围盒和圆

下一个教程 ： 图像矩

原作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，您将学习如何

• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::minAreaRect
• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::fitEllipse

代码

C++
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | stuff.jpg | input image}" );
 Mat src = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
 if( src.empty() )
 {
 cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
 cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
 return -1;
 }
 cvtColor( src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY );
 blur( src_gray, src_gray, Size(3,3) );
 const char* source_window = "Source";
 namedWindow( source_window );
 imshow( source_window, src );
 const int max_thresh = 255;
 createTrackbar( "Canny thresh:", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback );
 thresh_callback( 0, 0 );
 waitKey();
 return 0;
}
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
 Mat canny_output;
 Canny( src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2 );
 vector<vector<Point> > contours;
 findContours( canny_output, contours, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0) );
 vector<RotatedRect> minRect( contours.size() );
 vector<RotatedRect> minEllipse( contours.size() );
 for( size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++ )
 {
 minRect[i] = minAreaRect( contours[i] );
 if( contours[i].size() > 5 )
 {
 minEllipse[i] = fitEllipse( contours[i] );
 }
 }
 Mat drawing = Mat::zeros( canny_output.size(), CV_8UC3 );
 for( size_t i = 0; i< contours.size(); i++ )
 {
 Scalar color = Scalar( rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256) );
// 轮廓
 drawContours( drawing, contours, (int)i, color );
 // 椭圆
 ellipse( drawing, minEllipse[i], color, 2 )；
 // 旋转矩形
 Point2f rect_points[4];
 minRect[i].points( rect_points );
 for ( int j = 0; j < 4; j++ )
 {
 line( drawing, rect_points[j], rect_points[(j+1)%4], color );
 }
 }
 imshow( "Contours", drawing );
}

Java
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint2f;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.RotatedRect;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.highgui.HighGui;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
class GeneralContours2 {
 private Mat srcGray = new Mat();
 private JFrame frame;
 private JLabel imgSrcLabel;
 private JLabel imgContoursLabel;
 private static final int MAX_THRESHOLD = 255;
 private int threshold = 100;
 private Random rng = new Random(12345);
 public GeneralContours2(String[] args) {
 String filename = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "../data/stuff.jpg";
 Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filename);
 if (src.empty()) {
 System.err.println("Cannot read image: " + filename);
 System.exit(0);
 }
 Imgproc.cvtColor(src, srcGray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
 Imgproc.blur(srcGray, srcGray, new Size(3, 3));
 // 创建并设置窗口。
 frame = new JFrame("Creating Bounding rotated boxes and ellipses for contours demo")；
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)；
 // 设置内容窗格。
 Image img = HighGui.toBufferedImage(src)；
 addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane(), img)；
 // 使用内容窗格的默认边框布局。无需
 // setLayout(new BorderLayout())；
 // 显示窗口。
 frame.pack();
 frame.setVisible(true);
 update();
 }
 private void addComponentsToPane(Container pane, Image img) {
 if (!(pane.getLayout() instanceof BorderLayout)) {
 pane.add(new JLabel("Container doesn't use BorderLayout!"));
 return;
 }
 JPanel sliderPanel = new JPanel();
 sliderPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(sliderPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
 sliderPanel.add(new JLabel("Canny threshold: "));
 JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, MAX_THRESHOLD, threshold);
 slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
 slider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
 slider.setPaintTicks(true);
 slider.setPaintLabels(true);
 slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
 @Override
 public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
 JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource();
 threshold = source.getValue();
 update();
 }
 });
 sliderPanel.add(slider);
 pane.add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
 JPanel imgPanel = new JPanel();
 imgSrcLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img));
 imgPanel.add(imgSrcLabel);
 Mat blackImg = Mat.zeros(srcGray.size(), CvType.CV_8U);
 imgContoursLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(blackImg)));
 imgPanel.add(imgContoursLabel);
 pane.add(imgPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 }
 private void update() {
 Mat cannyOutput = new Mat();
 Imgproc.Canny(srcGray, cannyOutput, threshold, threshold * 2);
 List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
 Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
 Imgproc.findContours(cannyOutput, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_TREE, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
 RotatedRect[] minRect = new RotatedRect[contours.size()];
 RotatedRect[] minEllipse = new RotatedRect[contours.size()];
 for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
 minRect[i] = Imgproc.minAreaRect(new MatOfPoint2f(contours.get(i).toArray()));
 minEllipse[i] = new RotatedRect();
 if (contours.get(i).rows() > 5) {
 minEllipse[i] = Imgproc.fitEllipse(new MatOfPoint2f(contours.get(i).toArray()));
 }
 }
 Mat drawing = Mat.zeros(cannyOutput.size(), CvType.CV_8UC3);
 for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
 Scalar color = new Scalar(rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256));
 // 轮廓
 Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color)；
 // 椭圆
 Imgproc.ellipse(drawing, minEllipse[i], color, 2)；
 // 旋转矩形
 Point[] rectPoints = new Point[4];
 minRect[i].points(rectPoints);
 for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
 Imgproc.line(drawing, rectPoints[j], rectPoints[(j+1) % 4], color);
 }
 }
 imgContoursLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(drawing)));
 frame.repaint();
 }
}
public class GeneralContoursDemo2 {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 // 加载本地 OpenCV 库
 System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME)；
 // 为事件派发线程安排任务：
 // 创建并显示此应用程序的图形用户界面。
 javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
 @Override
 public void run() {
 new GeneralContours2(args);
 }
 });
 }
}

Python
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

结果

就在这里