DFT 矩阵 与steering vector的对应关系
steering vector:
-
sin
θ
\sin \theta
sinθ
a ( θ ) = [ 1 , e j 2 π d sin θ λ , ⋯   , e j 2 π ( N − 1 ) d sin θ λ ] T a(\theta) = [1, e^{\frac{j2\pi d \sin \theta }{\lambda}},\cdots,e^{\frac{j2\pi(N-1)d \sin \theta }{\lambda}}]^T a(θ)=[1,eλj2πdsinθ,⋯,eλj2π(N−1)dsinθ]T
–> d = λ / 2 d=\lambda/2 d=λ/2—> e − j 2 π ( i − 1 ) N + j 2 k π = e j 2 π d sin θ λ = e j π sin θ e^{-\frac{j2\pi (i-1)}{N}+j2k\pi} = e^{\frac{j2\pi d \sin \theta }{\lambda}}=e^{{j\pi \sin \theta }} e−Nj2π(i−1)+j2kπ=eλj2πdsinθ=ejπsinθ----> − 2 ( i − 1 ) N + 2 k = sin θ , i = 1 , 2 , . . . , N , k = 0 , ± 1 , ± 2... , -\frac{2(i-1)}{N}+2k= \sin \theta,i = 1,2,...,N,k=0,\pm1,\pm2 ..., −N2(i−1)+2k=sinθ,i=1,2,...,N,k=0,±1,±2...,
当
i
=
N
/
2
+
1
i=N/2+1
i=N/2+1时,
sin
θ
=
−
1
\sin \theta = -1
sinθ=−1
所以
i
i
i从1到
i
=
N
/
2
+
1
i=N/2+1
i=N/2+1时,角度变化从0到
−
π
/
2
-\pi/2
−π/2到
0
0
0,
从
i
=
N
/
2
+
2
i=N/2+2
i=N/2+2到N时,
k
=
1
k=1
k=1,角度从
−
π
/
2
-\pi/2
−π/2 到
0
0
0, 所以中间有
π
\pi
π的跳变
2.
cos
θ
\cos \theta
cosθ
a
(
θ
)
=
[
1
,
e
j
2
π
d
cos
θ
λ
,
⋯
 
,
e
j
2
π
(
N
−
1
)
d
cos
θ
λ
]
T
a(\theta) = [1, e^{\frac{j2\pi d \cos \theta }{\lambda}},\cdots,e^{\frac{j2\pi(N-1)d \cos \theta }{\lambda}}]^T
a(θ)=[1,eλj2πdcosθ,⋯,eλj2π(N−1)dcosθ]T
–>
d
=
λ
/
2
d=\lambda/2
d=λ/2—>
e
−
j
2
π
(
i
−
1
)
N
+
j
2
k
π
=
e
j
2
π
d
cos
θ
λ
=
e
j
π
cos
θ
e^{-\frac{j2\pi (i-1)}{N}+j2k\pi} = e^{\frac{j2\pi d \cos \theta }{\lambda}}=e^{{j\pi \cos \theta }}
e−Nj2π(i−1)+j2kπ=eλj2πdcosθ=ejπcosθ---->
−
2
(
i
−
1
)
N
+
2
k
=
cos
θ
,
i
=
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
N
,
k
=
0
,
±
1
,
±
2...
,
-\frac{2(i-1)}{N}+2k= \cos\theta,i = 1,2,...,N,k=0,\pm1,\pm2 ...,
−N2(i−1)+2k=cosθ,i=1,2,...,N,k=0,±1,±2...,
当
i
=
N
/
2
+
1
i=N/2+1
i=N/2+1时,
cos
θ
=
−
1
\cos \theta = -1
cosθ=−1
所以
i
i
i从1到
i
=
N
/
2
+
1
i=N/2+1
i=N/2+1时,角度变化从
π
\pi
π到
π
/
2
\pi/2
π/2
从
i
=
N
/
2
+
2
i=N/2+2
i=N/2+2到N时,
k
=
1
k=1
k=1,值从1到0,角度从
0
0
0 到
π
/
2
\pi/2
π/2, 所以中间有
π
/
2
\pi/2
π/2的跳变
Conclusion
DFT 矩阵每一列对应steering vector的某一方向,因此使用DFT矩阵来刻画mmwave信道角度域的稀疏性的时候,相当于给AoA和AoD域划分了格点,并且这个 划分的 AoA\AoD 按弧度( sin θ \sin \theta sinθ的 θ \theta θ并不是均匀的,是按值域均匀划分的。
~~(Note: 许多东西不要想当然,要自己去推,主要是要练手)