Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Secrecy Communication via Joint Beamforming and Jamming

本文探讨了在智能反射面(IRS)场景下,利用人工噪声(AN)增强安全通信的方法。通过交替迭代优化,实现了联合波束成形(f1,f2,Θ),并介绍了基于Lemma1的简化技巧及Simon minimax theorem的应用。仿真结果表明,IRS能显著提高保密传输速率。

摘要生成于 C知道 ,由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持, 前往体验 >

Abstract

本篇文章就是研究在一个新场景下的人工噪声防干扰的问题,(主要方法还是交替迭代)
加入人工噪声之后,joint beamforming的问题

(我觉得这种本质方法都是一样的,我可以兼顾一些不同方法的文章)(之前有一篇解释形成机制的在哪来着

System Model

在这里插入图片描述

这个之前看的文章不一样的地方在于,在发送方引入一个人工噪声 f 2 a \boldsymbol f_2 a f2a, 其中 f 2 \boldsymbol f_2 f2是关于信息 a a a的beamforming vector,
所以这个联合优化问题,优化的是 f 1 , f 2 , Θ \boldsymbol f_1, \boldsymbol f_2, \Theta f1,f2,Θ
问题转化为:
在这里插入图片描述

算法思路 固定一个,优化另一个,AO交替迭代

对于给定的 v \boldsymbol v v,优化 f 1 \boldsymbol f_1 f1, f 2 \boldsymbol f_2 f2,
作者把问题转化为:
在这里插入图片描述
通过引入lemma1, 将 原式 简化成
− ln ⁡ x ≥ max ⁡ t > 0 − t x + ln ⁡ t + 1 -\ln x \geq \max_{t>0} -tx+\ln t+1 lnxmaxt>0tx+lnt+1 当且仅当 x = 1 / t x = 1/t x=1/t时取最优值

这个定理比较好证,见 (等会单独写tricks)

另外就是 一般的推导, 得到
在这里插入图片描述

(注,Simon minimax thereom, 简单理解就是 当目标函数 对于各随机变量 是紧的 (对于min 是concave, 对于 max 是 convex) ,则 min 和max可交换顺序,见tricks
(后面这个我傻掉了推了好久,之前老师说每周略读3篇,精读3篇 (精读就是包括 推公式和仿真,我每天还是太闲了,但是我看论文都没有仿真过,以后可以只仿主要部分的代码)

这个推完之后,就是一般的优化操作了
在这里插入图片描述

然后就是固定 f 1 \boldsymbol f_1 f1, f 2 \boldsymbol f_2 f2, 优化 v \boldsymbol v v
具体步骤是类似的,也是运用lemma1
在这里插入图片描述
然后就是交替迭代
(这种迭代的算法复杂度一般都很高)
还是先看YC-L那篇文章

Simulation
setup

作者设置了两种scenarioes, 一个近,一个远, 信道模型采用的是莱斯信道,
还有原来大尺度和小尺度是这么算的
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述
关于图的metric的设置:
Achievable secrecy Rate
横坐标有:
maximum transmit power
number of Eves (窃听者数量)
number of reflecting elements

benchamark 有:
noIRS
noAN 的组合
我觉得他最后一个解释的不太好,setup(b)好的原因 应该去探究 direct link 和 indirect link 对 Bob /Eve 所占的比例贡献
按常理来说,Eve 跟 Bob近,窃听效果越好,但是IRS主打的 就是 降低SINR,(有可能不是mmWave,所以方向性不好?)

好吧,解释也能接受

Conclusion

作者说他们是第一个将IRS引入AN的场景中,并且进行joint beamforming的设计的,所以没有其他的benchmark,只有跟no AN或者no-IRS的比较,结论还是 IRS可以增大 achievable secrecy rate

### VBUS Sensing in USB Power Management and Connection Detection In the context of USB interfaces, VBUS serves as an essential signal line responsible for providing power to connected devices. When discussing VBUS sensing within USB power management and connection detection mechanisms, several key aspects come into play. #### Role of VBUS in USB Connections VBUS operates at a nominal voltage of 5V when active. The presence or absence of this voltage on the VBUS line indicates whether a device has been plugged into a host port[^1]. This mechanism allows both ends (host and peripheral) to detect each other's status without requiring complex signaling protocols during initial attachment phases. #### Detecting Device Attachment via VBUS For standard USB connections where one end acts strictly as a device while another functions exclusively as a host, detecting changes in VBUS state provides simple yet effective means for identifying new peripherals being attached or detached from hosts. Upon insertion, if a downstream facing connector detects valid levels on its VBUS pin, it signifies that upstream side intends communication initiation. #### Host/Device Mode Switching Using ID Pin with OTG Support When considering On-The-Go (OTG) capable ports which may switch between acting like traditional hosts versus functioning more akin to typical slave units based upon application needs; here comes role played by ID pin alongside monitoring activity over VBUS line becomes crucial. For instance: - **Default State**: With no external influence applied onto ID terminal – kept floating– system defaults itself towards assuming 'device' persona ready awaiting commands coming through regular USB channels. - **Host Mode Activation**: By actively pulling down said identifier contact point toward ground potential (0V), hardware logic interprets such condition changeover event prompting transition into master controller setup preparedness phase instead. This dual functionality facilitated by manipulating states across these two pins enables versatile connectivity options supporting wide array applications ranging personal computing accessories interfacing all way up industrial control systems leveraging robust serial communications infrastructure provided under Universal Serial Bus specifications umbrella. ```python def check_vbus_status(voltage_level): """ Checks the VBUS status to determine if a USB device is connected Args: voltage_level (float): Voltage measured on VBUS line Returns: str: Status message indicating connection state """ if voltage_level >= 4.75: return "USB device detected" elif voltage_level < 4.4: return "No USB device present" else: return "VBUS voltage out of specification range" print(check_vbus_status(5.0)) ```
评论 2
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值