类模板与函数对象

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <list>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

//class absInt{
//  public :
//  int operator() (int val){
//
//  }
//};

//与上面的等价
struct absInt{
    //重载操作符:函数调用操作符
    int operator() (int val){
        return val<0?-val:val;
    }
};

//普通的函数模板
template<typename elementType>
void FuncDisplayElement(const elementType & element){

    cout<<element<<" ";
}

//对象模板函数
template<typename elementType>
struct DisplayElement{

    //存储状态
    int m_nCount;
     DisplayElement(){
        m_nCount = 0;
     }

    void operator() (const elementType & element) /*const 当有修改把const去掉*/{
        m_nCount++;
        cout<<element<<"  ";
    }
};

int main(){

    absInt absObj;//声明一个对象
    int i = -52;
    int j = absObj(i);//函数对象 ,会调用载操作符
    cout<<j<<endl;

    vector<int> a;
    for(int k=0;k<10;k++){
        a.push_back(k);
    }

    list<char> b;
    for(char c='a';c<'k';c++){
        b.push_back(c);
    }

    //STL算法
    // 1.for_each算法的目的,从a.begin开始,到a.end结束,调用 DisplayElement的函数模板 
    for_each(a.begin(),a.end(),DisplayElement<int>());
    cout<<endl<<endl;
    for_each(b.begin(),b.end(),DisplayElement<char>()); 
    cout<<endl<<endl;
    DisplayElement<int> mResult;
    mResult = for_each(a.begin(),a.end(),mResult);//返回一个新的状态 
    cout<<mResult.m_nCount<<endl<<endl; 




    return 0;
}