Ubuntu 18.04--qemu模拟ARM开发板

用开发板做应用调试很麻烦，有时候根本没办法搭建硬件的环境，今天用qemu在PC模拟ARM开发板，这样以后做应用的调试和研究内核就容易多了，一台电脑搞定。

步骤：

1. 安装qemu模拟器
2. 安装arm交叉编译链
3. 下载kernel和编译内核
4. 下载busybox制作根文件系统
5. 跑起来

---

安装qemu模拟器
sudo update
sudo apt-get install qemu-system-arm
有可能缺少依赖和库文件，根据提示安装就行

安装arm交叉编译链
直接安装就行
sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi

下载内核，最新就行https://www.kernel.org/
开始编译

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make vexpress_defconfig
make zImage    -j4
make modules -j4
make dtbs

然后把bin文件都放在一起

mkdir    bin
cp arch/arm/boot/zImage     bin/
cp arch/arm/boot/dts/*ca9.dtb  bin/
cp .config  bin/

下载busybox制作根文件系统
https://busybox.net/ 我下载的最新的1.29

开始编译制作文件系统

make defconfig
make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
make install CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
1 创建rootfs目录：
sudo mkdir rootfs

sudo mkdir rootfs/lib

2 拷贝busybox命令
sudo cp _install/* -r rootfs/

3从工具链中拷贝运行库到lib下
sudo cp -P /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/* rootfs/lib/

4 创建4个tty终端设备
c代表字符设备，4是主设备号，1~2~3~4是次设备号

sudo mkdir -p rootfs/dev
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty1 c 4 1
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty2 c 4 2
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty3 c 4 3
sudo mknod rootfs/dev/tty4 c 4 4

5 生成镜像
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.ext3 bs=1M count=32

6 格式化生成ext3文件系统
mkfs.ext3 a9rootfs.ext3

7先挂在刚才的镜像然后将文件拷贝到镜像中
sudo mkdir tmpfs
sudo mount -t ext3 rootfs.ext3 tmpfs/ -o loop
sudo cp -r rootfs/*  tmpfs/
sudo umount tmpfs

接下来可以跑起来了
在当前窗口中显示qemu虚拟出的终端

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -dtb bin/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -kernel bin/zImage -nographic -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw console=ttyAMA0" -sd rootfs.ext3

另开一个窗口显示虚拟终端

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -dtb extra_folder/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -kernel bin/zImage -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw" -sd rootfs.ext3

log

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -dtb bin/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -kernel bin/zImage -nographic -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw console=ttyAMA0" -sd rootfs.ext3
WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'rootfs.ext3' and probing guessed raw.
         Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted.
         Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions.
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_volume() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_mute() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.17.3 (pws@pws-X550JX) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.3.0-16ubuntu3)) #1 SMP Tue Jul 3 12:05:36 CST 2018
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x9c/0x460 with crng_init=0
percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @(ptrval) s36364 r8192 d20980 u65536
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0 rw console=ttyAMA0
log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
early log buf free: 15004(91%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Memory: 509628K/524288K available (6144K kernel code, 395K rwdata, 1384K rodata, 1024K init, 156K bss, 14660K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xa0800000 - 0xff800000   (1520 MB)
    lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xa0000000   ( 512 MB)
    modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (7136 kB)
      .init : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (1024 kB)
      .data : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 396 kB)
       .bss : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 157 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
    RCU event tracing is enabled.
    RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
smp_twd: clock not found -2
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Failed to initialize '/smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/timer@12000': -22
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating local timer... 94.25MHz.
Calibrating delay loop... 591.87 BogoMIPS (lpj=2959360)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (591.87 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e1000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /watchdog@100e5000
irq: type mismatch, failed to map hwirq-75 for interrupt-controller@1e001000!
10009000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 38, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 39, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 41, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/wdt@f000
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered protocol family 2
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 1 counters available
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=17 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x10020000
clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: clcd@10020000 hardware, 1024x768@59 display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x1001f000
clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: clcd@1f000 hardware, 640x480@59 display
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
Concatenating MTD devices:
(0): "40000000.flash"
(1): "40000000.flash"
into device "40000000.flash"
libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed
smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
isp1760 4f000000.usb: bus width: 32, oc: digital
isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
isp1760 4f000000.usb: can't setup: -19
isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
/ # ls
bin         lib         lost+found  usr
dev         linuxrc     sbin
/ # 
/ # 
/ #