c# 数组

1、一般数组

定义： 数据类型[]   数组名称 = new 数据类型[可省略数组长度]{元素值}

int[] myarray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, };
int[] myarray2 = new int[2] { 1, 2 };
int[] myarray3 = new int[2];
int[] myarray4 = { 1, 2 };

2、二维数组

两个参数，第一个表示用几个一般数组，第二个参数表示一般数组的个数

int[,] vs = new int[2,3];
int[,] vs2 = {
        { 1,2,3},
        { 2,3,4},
};

3、锯齿数组：内层数组元素个数不同

int[][] ged = new int[2][];
ged[0] = new int[]{ 1,2,4};
ged[1] = new int[] { 2,3,4,5,9,67};

Array：

1、一般数组创建：

       

Array intA = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int),10);// 数组类型，元素个数
for (int i = 0; i < intA.Length; i++)
{ 
    intA.SetValue(23, i);

}

2、二维数组创建：

//
        // 摘要:
        //     Creates a multidimensional System.Array of the specified System.Type and dimension
        //     lengths, with the specified lower bounds.
        //
        // 参数:
        //   elementType:
        //     The System.Type of the System.Array to create.
        //
        //   lengths:
        //     A one-dimensional array that contains the size of each dimension of the System.Array
        //     to create.
        //
        //   lowerBounds:
        //     A one-dimensional array that contains the lower bound (starting index) of each
        //     dimension of the System.Array to create.
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     A new multidimensional System.Array of the specified System.Type with the specified
        //     length and lower bound for each dimension.
        //
int[] length = { 2, 3 };
int[] lowerBounds = { 20, 30 };
Array intB = Array.CreateInstance(typeof(int), length, lowerBounds);//数组类型，元素维度（2*3），每个维度元素最初始索引值

intB.SetValue(23, 20, 30); 
intB.SetValue(24, 20, 31);
intB.SetValue(25, 20, 32);
intB.SetValue(26, 21, 30);

3、数组排序：Array.Sort(数组)

        如果需要自定义排序规则，需要实现接口IComparable，

                如果相同返回0

                如果需要往前派则需要返回小于0的值

                如果需要往后排则需要返回大于0的值

        1、自定义排序规则： 可以修改类的前提下实现IComparable接口

 public class Person:IComparable<Person>
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string Address { get; set; }

        public int CompareTo(Person? other)
        {
            if (other == null) return 1;
            int result = this.Name.CompareTo(other.Name);
            return result;
   
        }
    }



Person p1 = new Person();
p1.Name = "lily";

Person p2 = new Person();
p2.Name = "ali";

Person p3 = new Person();
p3.Name = "sum";

Person[] arr = { p1, p2, p3 };
Array.Sort(arr);  // ali lily sum

        2、不可以修改类的时候：实现IComparer接口

//排枚举类型，用于排序的字段
    public enum StudentCompareType { 
        FirstName,
        LastName
    }

    //实现排序接口类
    public class StudentComparer : IComparer<Student>
    {
        private StudentCompareType compareType;

        public StudentComparer(StudentCompareType studentCompareType)
        { 
            this.compareType = studentCompareType;
        }
        public int Compare(Student? x, Student? y)
        {
            if (x == null || y == null) return 0;
            if (x == null) return 1;
            if (y == null) return -1;
            switch (compareType)
            { 
                case StudentCompareType.FirstName:
                    return string.Compare(x.firstName, y.firstName);
                case StudentCompareType.LastName:
                    return string.Compare(x.lastName, y.lastName);
                default:
                    throw new NotImplementedException();
            }
            
        }
    }



// 调用
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.firstName = "lily";
s1.lastName = "lily";

Student s2 = new Student();
s2.firstName = "alily";
s2.lastName = "alily";


Student s3 = new Student();
s3.firstName = "slily";
s3.lastName = "slily";


Student[] sarr = { s1, s2, s3 };
Array.Sort(sarr, new StudentComparer(StudentCompareType.FirstName));

4、 自定义foreach迭代器：使用foreach进行遍历循环

在类内部提供一个迭代器GetEnumerator , 而不必实现整个 IEnumerable接口. 当编译器检测到迭代器时, 它将自动生成 IEnumerable 或 IEnumerable<T>接口的 Current、MoveNext 和 Dispose 方法.类继承接口IEnumerable, 再提供一个迭代器GetEnumerator就可以了

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    internal class ForeachClass
    {
        public  string[] names { get; set; }

        public ForeachClass(string[] names)
        {
            this.names = names;
        }

        public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
        {
            for (int i = names.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                yield return names[i];
            }
        }

    }
}

调用

string[] s = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" };
ForeachClass foreachClass = new ForeachClass(s);
foreach (var i in foreachClass) 
{
    Console.WriteLine(i);
}