swift5.1学习-2.流程控制

1.if-else

let age = 4
if age >= 22 {
    print("Get married")
} else if age >= 18 {
    print("Being a adult")
} else if age >= 7 {
    print("Go to school")
} else {
    print("Just a child")
}

if后面的条件可以省略小括号
条件后面的大括号不可以省略
if后面的条件只能是Bool类型

2.while

var num = 5
while num > 0 {
    print("num is \(num)")
num -= 1 } // 打印了5次

repeat-while

repeat-while相当于C语言中的do-while

var num = 1
repeat {
  print("num is \(num)") 
} while num > 0 // 打印了1次

for

2.1.闭区间运算符:a…b， a <= 取值 <= b

let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for i in 0...3 {
    print(names[i])
} // Anna Alex Brian Jack

保存区间范围

let range = 1...3
for i in range {
    print(names[i])
} // Alex Brian Jack

变量作为区间

let a = 1
var b = 2
for i in a...b {
    print(names[i])
} // Alex Brian

i默认是let，i需要改变时可以声明为var

for var i in 1...3 {
i += 5
    print(i)
} // 6 7 8

不需要i时省略

for _ in 1...3 {
    print("for")
} // 打印了3次

2.2.半开区间运算符:a…<b， a <= 取值 < b

 for i in 1..<5 {
    print(i)
} // 1 2 3 4

2.3.单侧区间:让区间朝一个方向尽可能的远

for name in names[2...] {
    print(name)
} // Brian Jack

2.4.for – 区间运算符用在数组上

for name in names[0...3] {
    print(name)
} // Anna Alex Brian Jack

2.5.区间是否包含

let range = ...5
range.contains(7) // false
range.contains(4) // true
range.contains(-3) // true

2.6.带间隔的区间值

let hours = 11
let hourInterval = 2
// tickMark的取值:从4开始，累加2，不超过11
for tickMark in stride(from: 4, through: hours, by: hourInterval) {
    print(tickMark)
} // 4 6 8 10

3.switch

var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
} // number is 1

默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿到后面的条件
case、default后面不能写大括号{}

3.2fallthrough

var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
    fallthrough
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
}
// number is 1
// number is 2

3.3switch注意点

switch必须要保证能处理所有情况
如果能保证已处理所有情况，也可以不必使用default
case、default后面至少要有一条语句
如果不想做任何事，加个break即可
switch也支持Character、String类型

3.4区间匹配、元组匹配

区间匹配

let count = 62
switch count {
case 0:
    print("none")
case 1..<5:
    print("a few")
case 5..<12:
    print("several")
case 12..<100:
    print("dozens of")
case 100..<1000:
    print("hundreds of")
default:
    print("many")
} // dozens of

元组匹配

let point = (1, 1)
switch point {
case (0, 0):
    print("the origin")
case (_, 0):
    print("on the x-axis")
case (0, _):
    print("on the y-axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
    print("inside the box")
default:
print("outside of the box") } // inside the box

值绑定（模式匹配(x, y)）

对于元组来说，只要符合那么就会赋值到case的元组中的变量中（变量可以符合任意的值）。
必要时let也可以改为var

let point = (2, 0)
switch point {
case (let x, 0):
    print("on the x-axis with an x value of \(x)")
case (0, let y):
    print("on the y-axis with a y value of \(y)")
case let (x, y):
    print("somewhere else at (\(x), \(y))")
} // on the x-axis with an x value of 2

4.where（条件过滤）

满足条件才会执行。

let point = (1, -1)
switch point {
case let (x, y) where x == y:
    print("on the line x == y")
case let (x, y) where x == -y:
    print("on the line x == -y")
case let (x, y):
    print("(\(x), \(y)) is just some arbitrary point")
} // on the line x == -y

// 将所有正数加起来
var numbers = [10, 20, -10, -20, 30, -30]
var sum = 0
for num in numbers where num > 0 { // 使用where来过滤num
sum += num
 }
print(sum) // 60

5.标签语句

在指定的标签位置继续执行或者结束执行

outer: for i in 1...4 {
    for k in 1...4 {
        if k == 3 {
            continue outer
        }
        if i == 3 {
        break outer
         }
        print("i == \(i), k == \(k)")
    }
}