swift流程控制

流程控制

if-else

• if后面的条件可以省略小括号
• 条件后面的大括号不可以省略
• if后面必须是布尔值

let age = 4
if age >= 22 {
    print("Get married")
} else if age >= 18 {
    print("Being a adult")
} else if age >= 7 {
    print("Go to school")
} else{
    print("Just a child")
}

while和repeat-while

var num = 5
while num > 0 {
    print("num is \(num)")
    num -= 1
} // 打印了5次

• repeat-while相当于do-while

var num = -1
repeat {
    print("num is \(num)")
} while num > 0 // 打印了1次

for

• 闭区间运算符：a…b， a <= 取值 <= b

let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for i in 0...3 {
    print(names[i])
} // Anna Alex Brian Jack

let range = 1...3
for i in range {
    print(names[i])
} // Alex Brian Jack

for _ in 1...3 {
    print("for")
} // 打印了3次


// i默认是let，有需要时可以声明为var
for var i in 1...3 {
    i += 5
    print(i)
}// 6 7 8

• 半开区间运算符：a…<b， a <= 取值 < b

for i in 1..<5 {
    print(i)
} // 1 2 3 4

• 单侧区间：让区间朝一个方向尽可能的远,如 [2…] / […<2]

let names = ["Anna", "Alex", "Brian", "Jack"]
for name in names[0...3] {
    print(name)
} // Anna Alex Brian Jack

for name in names[2...] {
    print(name)
} // Brian Jack

for name in names[...2] {
    print(name)
} // Anna Alex Brian

for name in names[..<2] {
    print(name)
} // Anna Alex

let range = ...5
range.contains(7) // false
range.contains(4) // true
range.contains(-3) // true

• 字符、字符串也能使用区间运算符，但默认不能用在for-in中

let stringRange1 = "cc"..."ff" // ClosedRange<String>
stringRange1.contains("cb") // false
stringRange1.contains("dz") // true
stringRange1.contains("fg") // false

let stringRange2 = "a"..."f"
stringRange2.contains("d") // true
stringRange2.contains("h") // false

• \0到~囊括了所有可能要用到的ASCII字符

let characterRange: ClosedRange<Character> = "\0"..."~"
characterRange.contains("G") // true

• 带间隔的区间值

let hours = 11
let hourInterval = 2
// tickMark 的取值,从4开始,累加2, 不超过11
for tickMark in stride(from: 4, through: hours, by: hourInterval) {
    print(tickMark)
}
//得到4 6 8 10

switch

• case、default后面不能写大括号{}
• 默认可以不写break，并不会贯穿到后面的条件
• switch必须处理所有情况
• case、default后面至少要有一条语句
• 如果不想做任何事，加个break即可
• 如果能保证已处理所有情况，也可以不必使用default

var number = 1
switch number
{
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
} // number is 1

• 使用fallthrough可以实现贯穿效果

var number = 1
switch number {
case 1:
    print("number is 1")
    fallthrough
case 2:
    print("number is 2")
default:
    print("number is other")
} // number is 1 // number is 2

区间匹配、元组匹配

• 可以使用下划线 _ 忽略某个值

值绑定

• 必要时let也可以改为var
  

where

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