Codeforces Round #382 (Div. 2)-735D. Taxes（哥德巴赫猜想？！）

D. Taxes
time limit per test2 seconds
memory limit per test256 megabytes
inputstandard input
outputstandard output
Mr. Funt now lives in a country with a very specific tax laws. The total income of mr. Funt during this year is equal to n (n ≥ 2) burles and the amount of tax he has to pay is calculated as the maximum divisor of n (not equal to n, of course). For example, if n = 6 then Funt has to pay 3 burles, while for n = 25 he needs to pay 5 and if n = 2 he pays only 1 burle.

As mr. Funt is a very opportunistic person he wants to cheat a bit. In particular, he wants to split the initial n in several parts n1 + n2 + … + nk = n (here k is arbitrary, even k = 1 is allowed) and pay the taxes for each part separately. He can’t make some part equal to 1 because it will reveal him. So, the condition ni ≥ 2 should hold for all i from 1 to k.

Ostap Bender wonders, how many money Funt has to pay (i.e. minimal) if he chooses and optimal way to split n in parts.

Input
The first line of the input contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2·109) — the total year income of mr. Funt.

Output
Print one integer — minimum possible number of burles that mr. Funt has to pay as a tax.

Examples
input
4
output
2
input
27
output
3

题意：年收入是N，那么需要缴税额是N的最大因子。为了偷税可以把N拆成K个数，但是拆成的数不能为1，因为这样会被税务局发现。找出最小税额。

思路：如果N是素数，税费自然为1，那么把N拆成K个素数之和即可。K当然越小越好，那自然要求拆成的素数越大越好，假设哥德巴赫猜想成立，同时拆成的数不能为1，那么事实上K最大也就是3。

代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
int Prim(int n)
{
    for(int i=2;i<=(int)sqrt(n);i++)
    {
        if(n%i==0)
        {
            n--;
            i=1;
        }
    }
    return n;
}
int main()
{
    long long int N;
    scanf("%I64d",&N);
    if(N==2)
    {
        printf("1\n");
        return 0;
    }
    if(N%2==0)
    {
        printf("2\n");
        return 0;
    }
    int result=1;
    int flag=N-Prim(N);
    while(flag!=0)
    {
        flag=flag-Prim(flag);
        result++;
    }
    if(result>=3)
    {
        printf("3\n");
        return 0;
    }
    printf("%d\n",result);
    return 0;
}