matlab 函数名称： graycoprops()
功 能： 计算灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的各个特征值+
句法：
stats = graycoprops(glcm, properties)
描述：
stats = graycoprops(glcm, properties) 从灰度共生矩阵(glcm)中，计算properties指定的特征的统计值。glcm是一个m x n x p 的矩阵，它由有效的灰度共生矩阵(m x n)组成。如果glcm是一个GLCMs的数组，stats是由每个glcm的统计值组成的矩阵。
graycoprops() 归一化灰度共生矩阵，以便它的元素的和等于1。归一化的GLCM中的每一个元素(r,c)是图像中像素值分别为r和c的像素对出现的联合概率。graycoprops使用归一化的GLCM来计算特征值。
properties可以是由逗号隔开的字符串，字符元胞数组，'all’字符串，或者空格隔开的字符串。
property的取值：
'Contrast' 即对比度，返回整幅图像中某个像素与它的邻居之间的对比度。常量组成的图像的Contrast是0。计算公式为：
'Correlation' 即互相关，返回整幅图像中某个像素与它的邻居之间的互相关度。取值范围是 [-1 , 1]。常量组成的图像的互相关度Correlation是NaN。相关度1和-1分别对应完全正相关和完全负相关。计算公式为：
'Energy' 即能量，返回GLCM中所有元素的平方和。取值范围是 [0 , 1]。常量组成的图像的能量Energy是1。计算公式为：
'Homogeneity' 即齐次性(同质性)，返回的值反映了GLCM中元素相对于GLCM对角线的分布的紧密度。取值范围是 [0 , 1]。对角的GLCM的Homogeneity齐次性是1。公式为：
graycoprops()的返回变量states是一个结构体，它的域fields由properties指定。每一个field包含一个 1 x p 的数组，p是GLCM中灰度共生矩阵的数目。例如，GLCM是一个8 x 8 x 3 的矩阵，并且属性为‘Energy’，那么，states是一个包含‘Energy’域的结构体，其中，Energy包含一个 1 x 3 的数组。
注释：
Energy(能量)也叫做uniformity, uniformity of energy, 和 angular second moment。
Contrast(对比度)也叫做variance 和 inertia。
支持的类型：
glcm可以是逻辑型或数值型，并且它必须由非负的、有限的（和实数的）整数组成。 states是一个结构体。
举例说明：
GLCM = [0 1 2 3;1 1 2 3;1 0 2 0;0 0 0 3]; stats = graycoprops(GLCM)
I = imread(‘circuit.tif’);
GLCM2 = graycomatrix(I,‘Offset’,[2 0;0 2]);
stats = graycoprops(GLCM2,{‘contrast’,‘homogeneity’})
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************* graycoprops源程序代码 *****************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
-
function stats = graycoprops(varargin)
-
%GRAYCOPROPS Properties of gray-level co-occurrence matrix.
-
% STATS = GRAYCOPROPS(GLCM,PROPERTIES) normalizes the gray-level
-
% co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) so that the sum of its elements is one. Each
-
% element
in the normalized GLCM, (r,c), is the joint probability occurrence
-
% of pixel pairs with a
defined spatial relationship having gray level
-
% values r
and c
in the image. GRAYCOPROPS uses the normalized GLCM to
-
% calculate PROPERTIES.
-
%
-
% GLCM can be an m x n x p array of valid gray-level co-occurrence
-
% matrices. Each gray-level co-occurrence matrix is normalized so that its
-
% sum is one.
-
%
-
% PROPERTIES can be a comma-separated list of strings, a cell array
-
% containing strings, the string
'all',
or a space separated string. They
-
% can be abbreviated,
and
case does
not matter.
-
%
-
% Properties
include:
-
%
-
%
'Contrast' the intensity contrast between a pixel
and its neighbor
-
% over the whole image. Range = [
0 (size(GLCM,
1)-
1)^
2].
-
% Contrast is
0
for a constant image.
-
%
-
%
'Correlation' statistical measure of how correlated a pixel is to its
-
% neighbor over the whole image. Range = [-
1
1].
-
% Correlation is
1
or -
1
for a perfectly positively
or
-
% negatively correlated image. Correlation is NaN
for a
-
% constant image.
-
%
-
%
'Energy' summation of squared elements
in the GLCM. Range = [
0
1].
-
% Energy is
1
for a constant image.
-
%
-
%
'Homogeneity' closeness of the distribution of elements
in the GLCM to
-
% the GLCM diagonal. Range = [
0
1]. Homogeneity is
1
for
-
% a diagonal GLCM.
-
%
-
% If PROPERTIES is the string
'all',
then all of the above properties are
-
% calculated. This is the default behavior. Please refer to the
-
% Documentation
for more information on these properties.
-
%
-
% STATS is a structure with fields that are specified by PROPERTIES. Each
-
% field contains a
1 x p array, where p is the number of gray-level
-
% co-occurrence matrices
in GLCM. For example,
if GLCM is an
8 x
8 x
3 array
-
%
and PROPERTIES is
'Energy',
then STATS is a structure containing the
-
% field
'Energy'. This field contains a
1 x
3 array.
-
%
-
% Notes
-
% -----
-
% Energy is also known as uniformity, uniformity of energy,
and angular second
-
% moment.
-
%
-
% Contrast is also known as variance
and inertia.
-
%
-
% Class Support
-
% -------------
-
% GLCM can be logical
or numeric,
and it must contain real, non-negative, finite,
-
% integers. STATS is a structure.
-
%
-
% Examples
-
% --------
-
% GLCM = [
0
1
2
3;
1
1
2
3;
1
0
2
0;
0
0
0
3];
-
% stats = graycoprops(GLCM)
-
%
-
% I = imread(
'circuit.tif');
-
% GLCM2 = graycomatrix(I,
'Offset',[
2
0;
0
2]);
-
% stats = graycoprops(GLCM2,{
'contrast',
'homogeneity'})
-
%
-
% See also GRAYCOMATRIX.
-
-
% Copyright
2003-
2009 The MathWorks, Inc.
-
-
allStats = {
'Contrast',
'Correlation',
'Energy',
'Homogeneity'};
-
-
[glcm, requestedStats] = ParseInputs(allStats, varargin{
:});
-
-
% Initialize output stats structure.
-
numStats = length(requestedStats);
-
numGLCM = size(glcm,
3);
-
empties = repmat({zeros(
1,numGLCM)},[numStats
1]);
-
stats = cell2struct(empties,requestedStats,
1);
-
-
for p =
1 : numGLCM
-
-
if numGLCM ~=
1 %N-D indexing
not allowed
for sparse.
-
tGLCM = normalizeGLCM(glcm(
:,
:,p));
-
else
-
tGLCM = normalizeGLCM(glcm);
-
end
-
-
% Get row
and column subscripts of GLCM. These subscripts correspond to the
-
% pixel values
in the GLCM.
-
s = size(tGLCM);
-
[c,r] = meshgrid(
1
:s(
1),
1
:s(
2));
-
r = r(
:);
-
c = c(
:);
-
-
% Calculate fields of output stats structure.
-
for k =
1
:numStats
-
name = requestedStats{k};
-
switch name
-
case
'Contrast'
-
stats.(name)(p) = calculateContrast(tGLCM,r,c);
-
-
case
'Correlation'
-
stats.(name)(p) = calculateCorrelation(tGLCM,r,c);
-
-
case
'Energy'
-
stats.(name)(p) = calculateEnergy(tGLCM);
-
-
case
'Homogeneity'
-
stats.(name)(p) = calculateHomogeneity(tGLCM,r,c);
-
end
-
end
-
-
end
-
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function glcm = normalizeGLCM(glcm)
-
-
% Normalize glcm so that sum(glcm(
:)) is one.
-
if any(glcm(
:))
-
glcm = glcm ./ sum(glcm(
:));
-
end
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function C = calculateContrast(glcm,r,c)
-
%
Reference: Haralick RM, Shapiro LG. Computer
and Robot
Vision: Vol.
1,
-
% Addison-Wesley,
1992, p.
460.
-
k =
2;
-
l =
1;
-
term1 = abs(r - c).^k;
-
term2 = glcm.^l;
-
-
term = term1 .* term2(
:);
-
C = sum(term);
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function Corr = calculateCorrelation(glcm,r,c)
-
%
References:
-
% Haralick RM, Shapiro LG. Computer
and Robot
Vision: Vol.
1, Addison-Wesley,
-
%
1992, p.
460.
-
% Bevk M, Kononenko I. A Statistical Approach to Texture Description of Medical
-
%
Images: A Preliminary Study., The Nineteenth International Conference of
-
% Machine Learning, Sydney,
2002.
-
%
http:/
/www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~icml2002/workshops/MLCV02/MLCV02-Bevk.pdf, p.
3.
-
-
% Correlation is
defined as the covariance(r,c) / S(r)*S(c) where S is the
-
% standard deviation.
-
-
% Calculate the mean
and standard deviation of a pixel value
in the row
-
% direction direction. e.g.,
for glcm = [
0
0;
1
0] mr is
2
and Sr is
0.
-
mr = meanIndex(r,glcm);
-
Sr = stdIndex(r,glcm,mr);
-
-
% mean
and standard deviation of pixel value
in the column direction, e.g.,
-
%
for glcm = [
0
0;
1
0] mc is
1
and Sc is
0.
-
mc = meanIndex(c,glcm);
-
Sc = stdIndex(c,glcm,mc);
-
-
term1 = (r - mr) .* (c - mc) .* glcm(
:);
-
term2 = sum(term1);
-
-
Corr = term2 / (Sr * Sc);
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function S = stdIndex(index,glcm,m)
-
-
term1 = (index - m).^
2 .* glcm(
:);
-
S = sqrt(sum(term1));
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function M = meanIndex(index,glcm)
-
-
M = index .* glcm(
:);
-
M = sum(M);
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function E = calculateEnergy(glcm)
-
%
Reference: Haralick RM, Shapiro LG. Computer
and Robot
Vision: Vol.
1,
-
% Addison-Wesley,
1992, p.
460.
-
-
foo = glcm.^
2;
-
E = sum(foo(
:));
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function H = calculateHomogeneity(glcm,r,c)
-
%
Reference: Haralick RM, Shapiro LG. Computer
and Robot
Vision: Vol.
1,
-
% Addison-Wesley,
1992, p.
460.
-
-
term1 = (
1 + abs(r - c));
-
term = glcm(
:) ./ term1;
-
H = sum(term);
-
-
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
function [glcm,reqStats] = ParseInputs(allstats,varargin)
-
-
numstats = length(allstats);
-
iptchecknargin(
1,numstats+
1,nargin,mfilename);
-
-
reqStats =
'';
-
glcm = varargin{
1};
-
-
% The
'nonnan'
and
'finite' attributes are
not added to iptcheckinput because the
-
%
'integer' attribute takes care of these requirements.
-
iptcheckinput(glcm,{
'logical',
'numeric'},{
'real',
'nonnegative',
'integer'}, ...
-
mfilename,
'GLCM',
1);
-
-
if ndims(glcm) >
3
-
eid = sprintf(
'Images:%s:invalidSizeForGLCM',mfilename);
-
msg =
'GLCM must either be an m x n or an m x n x p array.';
-
error(eid,
'%s',msg);
-
end
-
-
% Cast GLCM to double to avoid truncation by data type. Note that GLCM is
not an
-
% image.
-
if ~isa(glcm,
'double')
-
glcm = double(glcm);
-
end
-
-
list = varargin(
2
:end);
-
-
if isempty(list)
-
% GRAYCOPROPS(GLCM)
or GRAYCOPROPS(GLCM,PROPERTIES) where PROPERTIES is empty.
-
reqStats = allstats;
-
else
-
if iscell(list{
1})
|| numel(list) ==
1
-
% GRAYCOPROPS(GLCM,{...})
-
list = list{
1};
-
end
-
-
if ischar(list)
-
%GRAYCOPROPS(GLCM,SPACE-SEPARATED STRING)
-
list = strread(list,
'%s');
-
end
-
-
anyprop = allstats;
-
anyprop{
end+
1} =
'all';
-
-
for k =
1 : length(list)
-
match = iptcheckstrs(list{k}, anyprop, mfilename,
'PROPERTIES', k+
1);
-
if strcmp(match,
'all')
-
reqStats = allstats;
-
break;
-
end
-
reqStats{k} = match;
-
end
-
-
end
-
-
% Make sure that reqStats are
in alphabetical order.
-
reqStats = sort(reqStats);
-
-
if isempty(reqStats)
-
eid = sprintf(
'Images:%s:internalError',mfilename);
-
msg =
'Internal error: requestedStats has not been assigned.';
-
error(eid,
'%s',msg);
-
end
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